{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/89058"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/89058","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"A comparison of X-band polarization parameters with in-situ microphysical measurements in the comma head of two winter cyclones","abstract":"Since the advent of dual-polarization radar, methods of classifying hydrometeors by type from measured polarization variables have been developed. However, the deterministic approach of existing hydrometeor classification algorithms of assigning only one dominant habit to each volume does not properly consider the distribution of habits present in that volume. During the Profiling of Winter Storms (PLOWS) field campaign the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft, equipped with in-situ microphysical probes, made multiple passes through the comma head of two cyclones as the Mobile Alabama X-band (MAX) dual-polarization radar performed range-height indicator scans in the same plane as the C-130 flight track. On 14-15 February and 21-22 February 2010, 579 and 202 coincident data points, respectively, were identified when the plane was within 10 s (~1 km) of a radar gate. Using the axis ratio (α), sphericity (β), maximum dimension D, and projected area A of the in-situ imaged crystals, the habit of each particle was identified. For all particles that occurred for times within different binned intervals of radar reflectivity (ZHH) and of differential reflectivity (ZDR), the reflectivity-weighted contribution of each habit, and the frequency distributions of α and β were determined. Habits with less circular shapes (bullet rosettes and aggregates) had greater contributions to the reflectivity compared to other habits when ZHH > 7 dBZ and ZDR > 2 dB. The presence of bullet rosettes and aggregates for similar ZHH and ZDR supports previous studies that bullet rosettes are the favored crystal species for aggregate formation. While irregular particles made up 40% of the observed shapes, only 55% of the ZHH-ZDR bins had irregular particles contribute over 40% of the reflectivity. Additionally, over 88% of the bins did not have a single habit contribute over 75% to the reflectivity. These findings show the general lack of dominance of a given habit for a particular ZHH and ZDR, and suggest that determining the probability of specific habits in radar volumes may be more suitable than the deterministic methods currently used.","abstract_html":"Since the advent of dual-polarization radar, methods of classifying hydrometeors by type from measured polarization variables have been developed. However, the deterministic approach of existing hydrometeor classification algorithms of assigning only one dominant habit to each volume does not properly consider the distribution of habits present in that volume. During the Profiling of Winter Storms (PLOWS) field campaign the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft, equipped with in-situ microphysical probes, made multiple passes through the comma head of two cyclones as the Mobile Alabama X-band (MAX) dual-polarization radar performed range-height indicator scans in the same plane as the C-130 flight track. On 14-15 February and 21-22 February 2010, 579 and 202 coincident data points, respectively, were identified when the plane was within 10 s (~1 km) of a radar gate. Using the axis ratio (α), sphericity (β), maximum dimension D, and projected area A of the in-situ imaged crystals, the habit of each particle was identified. For all particles that occurred for times within different binned intervals of radar reflectivity (ZHH) and of differential reflectivity (ZDR), the reflectivity-weighted contribution of each habit, and the frequency distributions of α and β were determined. Habits with less circular shapes (bullet rosettes and aggregates) had greater contributions to the reflectivity compared to other habits when ZHH > 7 dBZ and ZDR > 2 dB. The presence of bullet rosettes and aggregates for similar ZHH and ZDR supports previous studies that bullet rosettes are the favored crystal species for aggregate formation. While irregular particles made up 40% of the observed shapes, only 55% of the ZHH-ZDR bins had irregular particles contribute over 40% of the reflectivity. Additionally, over 88% of the bins did not have a single habit contribute over 75% to the reflectivity. These findings show the general lack of dominance of a given habit for a particular ZHH and ZDR, and suggest that determining the probability of specific habits in radar volumes may be more suitable than the deterministic methods currently used.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Finlon, Joseph A."],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Atmospheric Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Rauber, Robert M.","McFarquhar, Greg M."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-03-02T19:34:27Z","date_published":"2016-03-02T19:34:27Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:32Z","subjects":["winter","cyclone","radar","polarization","cloud","ice","snow","hydrometeor"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2015 Joseph Finlon"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89058","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Rauber, Robert M.","McFarquhar, Greg M."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Finlon, Joseph A."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2016-03-02T19:34:27Z","2015-12-07","2015-12"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Atmospheric Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["winter","cyclone","radar","polarization","cloud","ice","snow","hydrometeor"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2015 Joseph Finlon"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89058"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Since the advent of dual-polarization radar, methods of classifying hydrometeors by type from measured polarization variables have been developed. However, the deterministic approach of existing hydrometeor classification algorithms of assigning only one dominant habit to each volume does not properly consider the distribution of habits present in that volume. During the Profiling of Winter Storms (PLOWS) field campaign the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft, equipped with in-situ microphysical probes, made multiple passes through the comma head of two cyclones as the Mobile Alabama X-band (MAX) dual-polarization radar performed range-height indicator scans in the same plane as the C-130 flight track. On 14-15 February and 21-22 February 2010, 579 and 202 coincident data points, respectively, were identified when the plane was within 10 s (~1 km) of a radar gate. Using the axis ratio (α), sphericity (β), maximum dimension D, and projected area A of the in-situ imaged crystals, the habit of each particle was identified. For all particles that occurred for times within different binned intervals of radar reflectivity (ZHH) and of differential reflectivity (ZDR), the reflectivity-weighted contribution of each habit, and the frequency distributions of α and β were determined. Habits with less circular shapes (bullet rosettes and aggregates) had greater contributions to the reflectivity compared to other habits when ZHH > 7 dBZ and ZDR > 2 dB. The presence of bullet rosettes and aggregates for similar ZHH and ZDR supports previous studies that bullet rosettes are the favored crystal species for aggregate formation. While irregular particles made up 40% of the observed shapes, only 55% of the ZHH-ZDR bins had irregular particles contribute over 40% of the reflectivity. Additionally, over 88% of the bins did not have a single habit contribute over 75% to the reflectivity. These findings show the general lack of dominance of a given habit for a particular ZHH and ZDR, and suggest that determining the probability of specific habits in radar volumes may be more suitable than the deterministic methods currently used.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2016-03-02 without embargo terms","The student, Joseph Finlon, accepted the attached license on 2015-12-07 at 10:06.","The student, Joseph Finlon, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2015-12-07 at 10:33.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2015-12-07 at 13:30.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #8947 on 2016-03-02 at 12:51:40","Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-02T19:34:27Z (GMT). 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However, the deterministic approach of existing hydrometeor classification algorithms of assigning only one dominant habit to each volume does not properly consider the distribution of habits present in that volume. During the Profiling of Winter Storms (PLOWS) field campaign the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft, equipped with in-situ microphysical probes, made multiple passes through the comma head of two cyclones as the Mobile Alabama X-band (MAX) dual-polarization radar performed range-height indicator scans in the same plane as the C-130 flight track. On 14-15 February and 21-22 February 2010, 579 and 202 coincident data points, respectively, were identified when the plane was within 10 s (~1 km) of a radar gate. Using the axis ratio (α), sphericity (β), maximum dimension D, and projected area A of the in-situ imaged crystals, the habit of each particle was identified. For all particles that occurred for times within different binned intervals of radar reflectivity (ZHH) and of differential reflectivity (ZDR), the reflectivity-weighted contribution of each habit, and the frequency distributions of α and β were determined. Habits with less circular shapes (bullet rosettes and aggregates) had greater contributions to the reflectivity compared to other habits when ZHH > 7 dBZ and ZDR > 2 dB. The presence of bullet rosettes and aggregates for similar ZHH and ZDR supports previous studies that bullet rosettes are the favored crystal species for aggregate formation. While irregular particles made up 40% of the observed shapes, only 55% of the ZHH-ZDR bins had irregular particles contribute over 40% of the reflectivity. Additionally, over 88% of the bins did not have a single habit contribute over 75% to the reflectivity. These findings show the general lack of dominance of a given habit for a particular ZHH and ZDR, and suggest that determining the probability of specific habits in radar volumes may be more suitable than the deterministic methods currently used.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2016-03-02 without embargo terms","The student, Joseph Finlon, accepted the attached license on 2015-12-07 at 10:06.","The student, Joseph Finlon, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2015-12-07 at 10:33.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2015-12-07 at 13:30.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #8947 on 2016-03-02 at 12:51:40","Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-02T19:34:27Z (GMT). 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