{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/88248"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/88248","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Identification of estrogen-regulated genes in the cerebral cortex and development of a novel method to detect methylated DNA","abstract":"The steroid hormone 17-β estradiol (E2) plays essential roles in diverse physiological systems including the brain. E2 regulates numerous functions in the brain including reproduction, mood, and cognition. E2 also protects the brain from a variety of in vitro and in vivo insults. In rodent studies, E2 decreases ischemic stroke damage and this protection is especially apparent in the cerebral cortex. However, the transcriptional alterations underlying E2-mediated protection in this brain region are largely unknown. To understand the role of E2 in the cerebral cortex, we examined the cerebral cortical transcriptome using a mouse model system. Adult female mice were ovariectomized and implanted with silastic tubing containing oil or E2. After 7 days, the cerebral cortices were harvested and RNA was isolated and analyzed using RNA sequencing. E2 significantly altered the expression of 88 genes in the cerebral cortex. These genes were associated with cerebrovasculature, oligodendrocytes, neurite extension, and signaling pathways. The identification of these genes provides valuable insights to better understand cortical processes that are influenced by E2 and that may be altered in menopausal women, whose E2 levels have declined. Hypoxia accompanies an ischemic event and, since E2 protects the brain from ischemic damage, we built upon our examination of E2-mediated gene expression alterations and investigated the effects of E2 on the cerebral cortical transcriptome after hypoxic exposure. E2 and hypoxia altered the expression of 1,017 genes in the cerebral cortex. These E2-regulated genes were involved in glutamatergic synapse maintenance, axon guidance, angiogenesis, cell adhesion, apoptosis, development, lipid regulation, transcriptional control, and signaling pathways. The gene expression changes in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions reveal the numerous and diverse processes that are important for understanding neuroprotection and may be helpful in developing therapeutic strategies to promote stroke recovery.","abstract_html":"The steroid hormone 17-β estradiol (E2) plays essential roles in diverse physiological systems including the brain. E2 regulates numerous functions in the brain including reproduction, mood, and cognition. E2 also protects the brain from a variety of in vitro and in vivo insults. In rodent studies, E2 decreases ischemic stroke damage and this protection is especially apparent in the cerebral cortex. However, the transcriptional alterations underlying E2-mediated protection in this brain region are largely unknown. To understand the role of E2 in the cerebral cortex, we examined the cerebral cortical transcriptome using a mouse model system. Adult female mice were ovariectomized and implanted with silastic tubing containing oil or E2. After 7 days, the cerebral cortices were harvested and RNA was isolated and analyzed using RNA sequencing. E2 significantly altered the expression of 88 genes in the cerebral cortex. These genes were associated with cerebrovasculature, oligodendrocytes, neurite extension, and signaling pathways. The identification of these genes provides valuable insights to better understand cortical processes that are influenced by E2 and that may be altered in menopausal women, whose E2 levels have declined. Hypoxia accompanies an ischemic event and, since E2 protects the brain from ischemic damage, we built upon our examination of E2-mediated gene expression alterations and investigated the effects of E2 on the cerebral cortical transcriptome after hypoxic exposure. E2 and hypoxia altered the expression of 1,017 genes in the cerebral cortex. These E2-regulated genes were involved in glutamatergic synapse maintenance, axon guidance, angiogenesis, cell adhesion, apoptosis, development, lipid regulation, transcriptional control, and signaling pathways. The gene expression changes in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions reveal the numerous and diverse processes that are important for understanding neuroprotection and may be helpful in developing therapeutic strategies to promote stroke recovery.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Humphreys, Gwendolyn Isabel"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Molecular & Integrative Physiology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Nardulli, Ann","Raetzman, Lori","Roy, Edward J.","Shapiro, David J."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2015,"date_issued":"2015-09-29T21:02:50Z","date_published":"2015-09-29T21:02:50Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:31Z","subjects":["Estrogen","Ischemia","Stroke","Brain","Cerebral cortex","Gene expression"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2015 Gwendolyn I. 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Adult female mice were ovariectomized and implanted with silastic tubing containing oil or E2. After 7 days, the cerebral cortices were harvested and RNA was isolated and analyzed using RNA sequencing. E2 significantly altered the expression of 88 genes in the cerebral cortex. These genes were associated with cerebrovasculature, oligodendrocytes, neurite extension, and signaling pathways. The identification of these genes provides valuable insights to better understand cortical processes that are influenced by E2 and that may be altered in menopausal women, whose E2 levels have declined. Hypoxia accompanies an ischemic event and, since E2 protects the brain from ischemic damage, we built upon our examination of E2-mediated gene expression alterations and investigated the effects of E2 on the cerebral cortical transcriptome after hypoxic exposure. E2 and hypoxia altered the expression of 1,017 genes in the cerebral cortex. These E2-regulated genes were involved in glutamatergic synapse maintenance, axon guidance, angiogenesis, cell adhesion, apoptosis, development, lipid regulation, transcriptional control, and signaling pathways. The gene expression changes in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions reveal the numerous and diverse processes that are important for understanding neuroprotection and may be helpful in developing therapeutic strategies to promote stroke recovery.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2017-08-01","The student, Gwendolyn Humphreys, accepted the attached license on 2015-06-17 at 12:12.","The student, Gwendolyn Humphreys, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2015-06-17 at 12:21.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2015-06-18 at 10:23.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #8282 on 2015-09-29 at 15:05:13","Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-29T21:02:50Z (GMT). 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E2 regulates numerous functions in the brain including reproduction, mood, and cognition. E2 also protects the brain from a variety of in vitro and in vivo insults. In rodent studies, E2 decreases ischemic stroke damage and this protection is especially apparent in the cerebral cortex. However, the transcriptional alterations underlying E2-mediated protection in this brain region are largely unknown. To understand the role of E2 in the cerebral cortex, we examined the cerebral cortical transcriptome using a mouse model system. Adult female mice were ovariectomized and implanted with silastic tubing containing oil or E2. After 7 days, the cerebral cortices were harvested and RNA was isolated and analyzed using RNA sequencing. E2 significantly altered the expression of 88 genes in the cerebral cortex. These genes were associated with cerebrovasculature, oligodendrocytes, neurite extension, and signaling pathways. The identification of these genes provides valuable insights to better understand cortical processes that are influenced by E2 and that may be altered in menopausal women, whose E2 levels have declined. Hypoxia accompanies an ischemic event and, since E2 protects the brain from ischemic damage, we built upon our examination of E2-mediated gene expression alterations and investigated the effects of E2 on the cerebral cortical transcriptome after hypoxic exposure. E2 and hypoxia altered the expression of 1,017 genes in the cerebral cortex. These E2-regulated genes were involved in glutamatergic synapse maintenance, axon guidance, angiogenesis, cell adhesion, apoptosis, development, lipid regulation, transcriptional control, and signaling pathways. The gene expression changes in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions reveal the numerous and diverse processes that are important for understanding neuroprotection and may be helpful in developing therapeutic strategies to promote stroke recovery.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2017-08-01","The student, Gwendolyn Humphreys, accepted the attached license on 2015-06-17 at 12:12.","The student, Gwendolyn Humphreys, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2015-06-17 at 12:21.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2015-06-18 at 10:23.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #8282 on 2015-09-29 at 15:05:13","Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-29T21:02:50Z (GMT). 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