{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/87670"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/87670","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Plant Activation of Bicyclic Aromatic Amines, Benzidine and 4-Aminobiphenyl","abstract":"Bicyclic aromatic amines, benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) have been known as human bladder carcinogens and used in industrial manufacturing. Using the plant cell/microbe coincubation assay, this study showed that benzidine and 4-ABP were activated by plant peroxidase into frameshift- and base pair substitution-mutagens by plant-activation. Bacterial acetyl O-acetyltransferase as well as human N-acetyltransferase play a key role in the activation of benzidine and 4-ABP, and bacterial nitroreductase is partially involved in the mutagenic activation in Salmonella typhimurium. The mutagenic plant-activated benzidine and 4-ABP metabolites were fractionated using ultrafiltration membrane separation. The mutagenic metabolites were recovered in a retentate fraction with a molecular weight of $\\ge$100 kDa and stable for more than 7 months when stored at 4$\\sp\\circ$C. To define the mutagenic specificity of the plant-activated aromatic amine metabolite, mutant spectra of spontaneous revertants and revertants induced by the plant- and mammalian-activated of aromatic amines were analyzed at the hisG46 allele in S. typhimurium strain YG1029. The plant-activated aromatic amines induced different types of base pair substitutions from the mammalian S9-activated aromatic amines. To isolate and characterize the plant-activated benzidine product(s), we generated polyclonal anti-benzidine antibodies. The anti-benzidine antibody did not recognize the plant-activated benzidine metabolites. This suggests that the plant-activated benzidine product is structurally different from benzidine parent compound. To define the molecular effects of plant- and mammalain-activated benzidine DNA adducts were induced from plant-activated benzidine in S. typhimurium and analyzed using $\\sp{32}$P-postlabelmg and HPLC. Mammalian- and plant-activate benzidine metabolites induced DNA adducts in bacteria. To determine the genotoxicity of plant-activated benzidine in Chinese hamster lung cells a rapid single cell gel electrophoresis assay was employed. The plant-activated benzidine did not directly induce any DNA damage in mammalian cells. However, the plant-activated benzidine after treatment with pectinase was a potent genotoxin in mammalian cells. These data suggest that plant-activated xenobiotics may be converted into stable forms, perhaps in the pectin component in the plant cell wall. This plant activation may be a process to transport xenobiotics laterally through the environment and vertically through the food chain.","abstract_html":"Bicyclic aromatic amines, benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) have been known as human bladder carcinogens and used in industrial manufacturing. Using the plant cell/microbe coincubation assay, this study showed that benzidine and 4-ABP were activated by plant peroxidase into frameshift- and base pair substitution-mutagens by plant-activation. Bacterial acetyl O-acetyltransferase as well as human N-acetyltransferase play a key role in the activation of benzidine and 4-ABP, and bacterial nitroreductase is partially involved in the mutagenic activation in Salmonella typhimurium. The mutagenic plant-activated benzidine and 4-ABP metabolites were fractionated using ultrafiltration membrane separation. The mutagenic metabolites were recovered in a retentate fraction with a molecular weight of $\\ge$100 kDa and stable for more than 7 months when stored at 4$\\sp\\circ$C. To define the mutagenic specificity of the plant-activated aromatic amine metabolite, mutant spectra of spontaneous revertants and revertants induced by the plant- and mammalian-activated of aromatic amines were analyzed at the hisG46 allele in S. typhimurium strain YG1029. The plant-activated aromatic amines induced different types of base pair substitutions from the mammalian S9-activated aromatic amines. To isolate and characterize the plant-activated benzidine product(s), we generated polyclonal anti-benzidine antibodies. The anti-benzidine antibody did not recognize the plant-activated benzidine metabolites. This suggests that the plant-activated benzidine product is structurally different from benzidine parent compound. To define the molecular effects of plant- and mammalain-activated benzidine DNA adducts were induced from plant-activated benzidine in S. typhimurium and analyzed using $\\sp{32}$P-postlabelmg and HPLC. Mammalian- and plant-activate benzidine metabolites induced DNA adducts in bacteria. To determine the genotoxicity of plant-activated benzidine in Chinese hamster lung cells a rapid single cell gel electrophoresis assay was employed. The plant-activated benzidine did not directly induce any DNA damage in mammalian cells. However, the plant-activated benzidine after treatment with pectinase was a potent genotoxin in mammalian cells. These data suggest that plant-activated xenobiotics may be converted into stable forms, perhaps in the pectin component in the plant cell wall. This plant activation may be a process to transport xenobiotics laterally through the environment and vertically through the food chain.","abstract_has_math":true,"creators":["Ju, Young Hwa"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Agronomy","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Plewa, Michael J."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2015,"date_issued":"2015-09-28T16:22:33Z","date_published":"2015-09-28T16:22:33Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:30Z","subjects":["Biology, Plant Physiology"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["(MiAaPQ)AAI9904495"],"render_values":[{"text":"(MiAaPQ)AAI9904495","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/87670","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Plewa, Michael J."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Ju, Young Hwa"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2015-09-28T16:22:33Z","10000-01-01","1998"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Agronomy"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Biology, Plant Physiology"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/87670","(MiAaPQ)AAI9904495"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Bicyclic aromatic amines, benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) have been known as human bladder carcinogens and used in industrial manufacturing. Using the plant cell/microbe coincubation assay, this study showed that benzidine and 4-ABP were activated by plant peroxidase into frameshift- and base pair substitution-mutagens by plant-activation. Bacterial acetyl O-acetyltransferase as well as human N-acetyltransferase play a key role in the activation of benzidine and 4-ABP, and bacterial nitroreductase is partially involved in the mutagenic activation in Salmonella typhimurium. The mutagenic plant-activated benzidine and 4-ABP metabolites were fractionated using ultrafiltration membrane separation. The mutagenic metabolites were recovered in a retentate fraction with a molecular weight of $\\ge$100 kDa and stable for more than 7 months when stored at 4$\\sp\\circ$C. To define the mutagenic specificity of the plant-activated aromatic amine metabolite, mutant spectra of spontaneous revertants and revertants induced by the plant- and mammalian-activated of aromatic amines were analyzed at the hisG46 allele in S. typhimurium strain YG1029. The plant-activated aromatic amines induced different types of base pair substitutions from the mammalian S9-activated aromatic amines. To isolate and characterize the plant-activated benzidine product(s), we generated polyclonal anti-benzidine antibodies. The anti-benzidine antibody did not recognize the plant-activated benzidine metabolites. This suggests that the plant-activated benzidine product is structurally different from benzidine parent compound. To define the molecular effects of plant- and mammalain-activated benzidine DNA adducts were induced from plant-activated benzidine in S. typhimurium and analyzed using $\\sp{32}$P-postlabelmg and HPLC. Mammalian- and plant-activate benzidine metabolites induced DNA adducts in bacteria. To determine the genotoxicity of plant-activated benzidine in Chinese hamster lung cells a rapid single cell gel electrophoresis assay was employed. The plant-activated benzidine did not directly induce any DNA damage in mammalian cells. However, the plant-activated benzidine after treatment with pectinase was a potent genotoxin in mammalian cells. These data suggest that plant-activated xenobiotics may be converted into stable forms, perhaps in the pectin component in the plant cell wall. This plant activation may be a process to transport xenobiotics laterally through the environment and vertically through the food chain.","Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-28T16:22:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4848 bytes, checksum: 96035ab3f5e1c23cc7138a224ce498bd (MD5) 9904495.pdf: 10358304 bytes, checksum: c95cd485b20d1b06b76e6de4ff49cedd (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 88951 Lift date: Forever Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","Restricted to the U of I community indefinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","U of I Only","232 p.","Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1998."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Plant Activation of Bicyclic Aromatic Amines, Benzidine and 4-Aminobiphenyl"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Plewa, Michael J."],"dc:creator":["Ju, Young Hwa"],"dc:date":["2015-09-28T16:22:33Z","10000-01-01","1998"],"dc:description":["Bicyclic aromatic amines, benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) have been known as human bladder carcinogens and used in industrial manufacturing. Using the plant cell/microbe coincubation assay, this study showed that benzidine and 4-ABP were activated by plant peroxidase into frameshift- and base pair substitution-mutagens by plant-activation. Bacterial acetyl O-acetyltransferase as well as human N-acetyltransferase play a key role in the activation of benzidine and 4-ABP, and bacterial nitroreductase is partially involved in the mutagenic activation in Salmonella typhimurium. The mutagenic plant-activated benzidine and 4-ABP metabolites were fractionated using ultrafiltration membrane separation. The mutagenic metabolites were recovered in a retentate fraction with a molecular weight of $\\ge$100 kDa and stable for more than 7 months when stored at 4$\\sp\\circ$C. To define the mutagenic specificity of the plant-activated aromatic amine metabolite, mutant spectra of spontaneous revertants and revertants induced by the plant- and mammalian-activated of aromatic amines were analyzed at the hisG46 allele in S. typhimurium strain YG1029. The plant-activated aromatic amines induced different types of base pair substitutions from the mammalian S9-activated aromatic amines. To isolate and characterize the plant-activated benzidine product(s), we generated polyclonal anti-benzidine antibodies. The anti-benzidine antibody did not recognize the plant-activated benzidine metabolites. This suggests that the plant-activated benzidine product is structurally different from benzidine parent compound. To define the molecular effects of plant- and mammalain-activated benzidine DNA adducts were induced from plant-activated benzidine in S. typhimurium and analyzed using $\\sp{32}$P-postlabelmg and HPLC. Mammalian- and plant-activate benzidine metabolites induced DNA adducts in bacteria. To determine the genotoxicity of plant-activated benzidine in Chinese hamster lung cells a rapid single cell gel electrophoresis assay was employed. The plant-activated benzidine did not directly induce any DNA damage in mammalian cells. However, the plant-activated benzidine after treatment with pectinase was a potent genotoxin in mammalian cells. These data suggest that plant-activated xenobiotics may be converted into stable forms, perhaps in the pectin component in the plant cell wall. This plant activation may be a process to transport xenobiotics laterally through the environment and vertically through the food chain.","Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-28T16:22:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4848 bytes, checksum: 96035ab3f5e1c23cc7138a224ce498bd (MD5) 9904495.pdf: 10358304 bytes, checksum: c95cd485b20d1b06b76e6de4ff49cedd (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 88951 Lift date: Forever Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","Restricted to the U of I community indefinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","U of I Only","232 p.","Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1998."],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/87670","(MiAaPQ)AAI9904495"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:subject":["Biology, Plant Physiology"],"dc:title":["Plant Activation of Bicyclic Aromatic Amines, Benzidine and 4-Aminobiphenyl"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Agronomy"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:30Z"}