Regional Fat Distribution, Physical Activity and Hormonal Factors in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
This study evaluated the association between central fat (CF) and both plasma hormones and physical activity (PA) in 17 men and 23 women (mean age 62 years, body mass index 31 kg/m2) with type 2 diabetes. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess central abdominal fat (CAF), abdominal fat (AF), and trunk fat (TF). Testosterone, free testosterone (FT), estradiol and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were assessed by radioimmunoassay. Sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and androgeneicity index (AI) were calculated from testosterone and FT. Leisure, occupational, household, non-leisure and total physical activity (TPA) at time1 (15--22 years of age), time2 (23--34 years), time3 (35--50 years), and time4 (past 12 months) were assessed by a historical PA questionnaire. Results showed that (a) participants had lower values of testosterone, FT, and IGF-I, and higher values of SHBG than healthy individuals; (b) in men, CAF and TF were negatively associated with occupational, household, non-leisure, and TPA (r = -0.47 to -0.55). PA at time3 and time4 were negatively associated with TF (r = -0.51 and -0.54, respectively). Total and household activities at time3 were negatively associated with waist circumference (r = -0.53 and -0.57, respectively); (c) in women, CAF and TF were positively associated with household (r = 0.54 and 0.56) and non-leisure (r = 0.41 and 0.42, respectively) activity. AF was positively associated with household (r = 0.42) but negatively associated with leisure activity (r = -0.42); (d) in women, estradiol was negatively associated with AF (r = -0.66). In a subsample of women on estrogen replacement (n = 10), SHBG and estradiol were negatively associated with CAF (r = -0.75 and -0.65) and TF (r = -0.69 and -0.65, respectively). Al was positively associated with CAF (r = 0.69) and TF ( r = 0.68). In conclusion, PA and CF are negatively associated in older men with type2 diabetes. The positive associations in women were attributed to measurement error. The association between CF and both SHBG and AI in women might be dependent upon hormonal replacement therapy.
University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign
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University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign