{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/85221"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/85221","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Identifying the Neural Correlates of Swallowing in Two Age Groups Using fMRI","abstract":"\"Understanding the neural functional organization of normal swallowing and its components is essential in accurately diagnosing and treating patients with swallowing disorders, also known as dysphagia. The aim of the present investigation was to identify the neural activation sites of different components of deglutition in healthy young and older adults using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Ten young (age range 19-25 years of age; five males and five females) and nine older (age range 66-77 years of age; three males and six females) right-handed healthy individuals were scanned in a 3 Tesla Siemens Allegra MRI scanner. Participants were visually cued for both a \"\"Swallow\"\" task and for component/control tasks (\"\"Prepare to swallow\"\", \"\"Tap your tongue\"\", and \"\"Clear your throat\"\") in a randomized order (event-related design). Behavioral Interleaved Gradient (BIG) methodology was used to address movement-related artifacts. Areas activated during each of the control tasks enabled the differentiation of the neural localization for various components of the swallow. Between group comparisons revealed statistically stronger activations mainly in the primary somatosensory cortex of young adults during most tasks examined (p<0.05). Within and between group comparisons of hemispheric preference failed to find groupwise significant lateralization of the entire sensorimotor cortex or a significant group difference in hemispheric preference in the tasks examined. Qualitative observations, however, revealed two interesting findings. First, during swallowing and related tasks, both young and elderly adults showed activations in the major motor areas involved in the initiation and execution of movement; however, areas involved in sensory processing and integration between sensory and motor information and/or motor coordination and control, showed limited if any activation in the elderly. Second, most young adults demonstrated a relatively consistent laterality preference for the left or right hemisphere within tasks (although not always statistically significant). The elderly participants showed more variable laterality within tasks, thus a more symmetrical activation. Overall, the present study added to the limited body of literature on the functional neural control of swallowing and related tasks in normal young and elderly adults and validated the use of fMRI and the BIG methodology in the accurate identification of the neural correlates of deglutition in two age groups.\"","abstract_html":"&quot;Understanding the neural functional organization of normal swallowing and its components is essential in accurately diagnosing and treating patients with swallowing disorders, also known as dysphagia. The aim of the present investigation was to identify the neural activation sites of different components of deglutition in healthy young and older adults using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Ten young (age range 19-25 years of age; five males and five females) and nine older (age range 66-77 years of age; three males and six females) right-handed healthy individuals were scanned in a 3 Tesla Siemens Allegra MRI scanner. Participants were visually cued for both a &quot;&quot;Swallow&quot;&quot; task and for component/control tasks (&quot;&quot;Prepare to swallow&quot;&quot;, &quot;&quot;Tap your tongue&quot;&quot;, and &quot;&quot;Clear your throat&quot;&quot;) in a randomized order (event-related design). Behavioral Interleaved Gradient (BIG) methodology was used to address movement-related artifacts. Areas activated during each of the control tasks enabled the differentiation of the neural localization for various components of the swallow. Between group comparisons revealed statistically stronger activations mainly in the primary somatosensory cortex of young adults during most tasks examined (p&lt;0.05). Within and between group comparisons of hemispheric preference failed to find groupwise significant lateralization of the entire sensorimotor cortex or a significant group difference in hemispheric preference in the tasks examined. Qualitative observations, however, revealed two interesting findings. First, during swallowing and related tasks, both young and elderly adults showed activations in the major motor areas involved in the initiation and execution of movement; however, areas involved in sensory processing and integration between sensory and motor information and/or motor coordination and control, showed limited if any activation in the elderly. Second, most young adults demonstrated a relatively consistent laterality preference for the left or right hemisphere within tasks (although not always statistically significant). The elderly participants showed more variable laterality within tasks, thus a more symmetrical activation. Overall, the present study added to the limited body of literature on the functional neural control of swallowing and related tasks in normal young and elderly adults and validated the use of fMRI and the BIG methodology in the accurate identification of the neural correlates of deglutition in two age groups.&quot;","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Malandraki, Georgia Andrew"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Speech and Hearing Science","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Perlman, Adrienne L.","Sutton, Bradley P."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2015,"date_issued":"2015-09-25T22:36:13Z","date_published":"2015-09-25T22:36:13Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:24Z","subjects":["Health Sciences, Speech Pathology"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["(MiAaPQ)AAI3337857"],"render_values":[{"text":"(MiAaPQ)AAI3337857","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/85221","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Perlman, Adrienne L.","Sutton, Bradley P."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Malandraki, Georgia Andrew"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2015-09-25T22:36:13Z","10000-01-01","2008"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Speech and Hearing Science"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Health Sciences, Speech Pathology"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/85221","(MiAaPQ)AAI3337857"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["\"Understanding the neural functional organization of normal swallowing and its components is essential in accurately diagnosing and treating patients with swallowing disorders, also known as dysphagia. The aim of the present investigation was to identify the neural activation sites of different components of deglutition in healthy young and older adults using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Ten young (age range 19-25 years of age; five males and five females) and nine older (age range 66-77 years of age; three males and six females) right-handed healthy individuals were scanned in a 3 Tesla Siemens Allegra MRI scanner. Participants were visually cued for both a \"\"Swallow\"\" task and for component/control tasks (\"\"Prepare to swallow\"\", \"\"Tap your tongue\"\", and \"\"Clear your throat\"\") in a randomized order (event-related design). Behavioral Interleaved Gradient (BIG) methodology was used to address movement-related artifacts. Areas activated during each of the control tasks enabled the differentiation of the neural localization for various components of the swallow. Between group comparisons revealed statistically stronger activations mainly in the primary somatosensory cortex of young adults during most tasks examined (p<0.05). Within and between group comparisons of hemispheric preference failed to find groupwise significant lateralization of the entire sensorimotor cortex or a significant group difference in hemispheric preference in the tasks examined. Qualitative observations, however, revealed two interesting findings. First, during swallowing and related tasks, both young and elderly adults showed activations in the major motor areas involved in the initiation and execution of movement; however, areas involved in sensory processing and integration between sensory and motor information and/or motor coordination and control, showed limited if any activation in the elderly. Second, most young adults demonstrated a relatively consistent laterality preference for the left or right hemisphere within tasks (although not always statistically significant). The elderly participants showed more variable laterality within tasks, thus a more symmetrical activation. Overall, the present study added to the limited body of literature on the functional neural control of swallowing and related tasks in normal young and elderly adults and validated the use of fMRI and the BIG methodology in the accurate identification of the neural correlates of deglutition in two age groups.\"","Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T22:36:13Z (GMT). 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The aim of the present investigation was to identify the neural activation sites of different components of deglutition in healthy young and older adults using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Ten young (age range 19-25 years of age; five males and five females) and nine older (age range 66-77 years of age; three males and six females) right-handed healthy individuals were scanned in a 3 Tesla Siemens Allegra MRI scanner. Participants were visually cued for both a \"\"Swallow\"\" task and for component/control tasks (\"\"Prepare to swallow\"\", \"\"Tap your tongue\"\", and \"\"Clear your throat\"\") in a randomized order (event-related design). Behavioral Interleaved Gradient (BIG) methodology was used to address movement-related artifacts. Areas activated during each of the control tasks enabled the differentiation of the neural localization for various components of the swallow. Between group comparisons revealed statistically stronger activations mainly in the primary somatosensory cortex of young adults during most tasks examined (p<0.05). Within and between group comparisons of hemispheric preference failed to find groupwise significant lateralization of the entire sensorimotor cortex or a significant group difference in hemispheric preference in the tasks examined. Qualitative observations, however, revealed two interesting findings. First, during swallowing and related tasks, both young and elderly adults showed activations in the major motor areas involved in the initiation and execution of movement; however, areas involved in sensory processing and integration between sensory and motor information and/or motor coordination and control, showed limited if any activation in the elderly. Second, most young adults demonstrated a relatively consistent laterality preference for the left or right hemisphere within tasks (although not always statistically significant). The elderly participants showed more variable laterality within tasks, thus a more symmetrical activation. Overall, the present study added to the limited body of literature on the functional neural control of swallowing and related tasks in normal young and elderly adults and validated the use of fMRI and the BIG methodology in the accurate identification of the neural correlates of deglutition in two age groups.\"","Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T22:36:13Z (GMT). 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