{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/85033"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/85033","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Physiology Characterization of Nitrogen Use in Maize: Opportunities for Improvement","abstract":"Nitrogen supply plays a key role in yield determination of the maize crop. An adequate supply of N is vital for the proper establishment and maintenance of the photosynthetic capacity, and for the determination of sink capacity and maintenance of that sink throughout seed development. Since N is one of the main factors powering yield, annual applications of fertilizer N are the norm. However, growing concerns about the environmental impact of crop productivity, together with increasing costs of fertilizer N necessitates a better understanding of processes associated with the efficiency of N use (NUE) and their importance in designing crop management strategies and in developing breeding programs for improved N use. The overall objective of this work was to identify and characterize physiological N response traits that are under genetic control and that can be used to improve NUE. Specific objectives included: (1) gaining a better understanding of how N is utilized by the plant to produce yield, (2) characterizing the genetic diversity for N use in maize hybrids; and (3) determining if N use traits can be identified and improved in maize inbreds. The overall approach was to evaluate maize genotypes (commercial and experimental hybrids and inbreds) under various levels of N supply ranging from deficient to excessive under field conditions. Results within each specific objective suggest that: (1) PEPc may serve as a storage sink for excess leaf N, and that a better allocation of N into Rubisco could improve maize photosynthesis, (2) No hybrid (commercial or experimental) was optimized for both N uptake and N utilization which suggests room for improvement in NUE for maize; and (3) Introgression of exotic germplasm, nearly always improved NUE of the hybrids, which was largely due to improved uptake efficiency. Overall, results presented in this work, provide a better understanding on how N is utilized for yield generation in the maize plant, and provides useful information on possible strategies to be incorporated in breeding programs aimed at N use improvement.","abstract_html":"Nitrogen supply plays a key role in yield determination of the maize crop. An adequate supply of N is vital for the proper establishment and maintenance of the photosynthetic capacity, and for the determination of sink capacity and maintenance of that sink throughout seed development. Since N is one of the main factors powering yield, annual applications of fertilizer N are the norm. However, growing concerns about the environmental impact of crop productivity, together with increasing costs of fertilizer N necessitates a better understanding of processes associated with the efficiency of N use (NUE) and their importance in designing crop management strategies and in developing breeding programs for improved N use. The overall objective of this work was to identify and characterize physiological N response traits that are under genetic control and that can be used to improve NUE. Specific objectives included: (1) gaining a better understanding of how N is utilized by the plant to produce yield, (2) characterizing the genetic diversity for N use in maize hybrids; and (3) determining if N use traits can be identified and improved in maize inbreds. The overall approach was to evaluate maize genotypes (commercial and experimental hybrids and inbreds) under various levels of N supply ranging from deficient to excessive under field conditions. Results within each specific objective suggest that: (1) PEPc may serve as a storage sink for excess leaf N, and that a better allocation of N into Rubisco could improve maize photosynthesis, (2) No hybrid (commercial or experimental) was optimized for both N uptake and N utilization which suggests room for improvement in NUE for maize; and (3) Introgression of exotic germplasm, nearly always improved NUE of the hybrids, which was largely due to improved uptake efficiency. Overall, results presented in this work, provide a better understanding on how N is utilized for yield generation in the maize plant, and provides useful information on possible strategies to be incorporated in breeding programs aimed at N use improvement.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Uribelarrea, Martin"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Crop Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Below, Frederick E."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2015,"date_issued":"2015-09-25T22:33:31Z","date_published":"2015-09-25T22:33:31Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:24Z","subjects":["Biology, Plant Physiology"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["(MiAaPQ)AAI3290410"],"render_values":[{"text":"(MiAaPQ)AAI3290410","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/85033","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Below, Frederick E."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Uribelarrea, Martin"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2015-09-25T22:33:31Z","10000-01-01","2007"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Crop Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Biology, Plant Physiology"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/85033","(MiAaPQ)AAI3290410"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Nitrogen supply plays a key role in yield determination of the maize crop. An adequate supply of N is vital for the proper establishment and maintenance of the photosynthetic capacity, and for the determination of sink capacity and maintenance of that sink throughout seed development. Since N is one of the main factors powering yield, annual applications of fertilizer N are the norm. However, growing concerns about the environmental impact of crop productivity, together with increasing costs of fertilizer N necessitates a better understanding of processes associated with the efficiency of N use (NUE) and their importance in designing crop management strategies and in developing breeding programs for improved N use. The overall objective of this work was to identify and characterize physiological N response traits that are under genetic control and that can be used to improve NUE. Specific objectives included: (1) gaining a better understanding of how N is utilized by the plant to produce yield, (2) characterizing the genetic diversity for N use in maize hybrids; and (3) determining if N use traits can be identified and improved in maize inbreds. The overall approach was to evaluate maize genotypes (commercial and experimental hybrids and inbreds) under various levels of N supply ranging from deficient to excessive under field conditions. Results within each specific objective suggest that: (1) PEPc may serve as a storage sink for excess leaf N, and that a better allocation of N into Rubisco could improve maize photosynthesis, (2) No hybrid (commercial or experimental) was optimized for both N uptake and N utilization which suggests room for improvement in NUE for maize; and (3) Introgression of exotic germplasm, nearly always improved NUE of the hybrids, which was largely due to improved uptake efficiency. Overall, results presented in this work, provide a better understanding on how N is utilized for yield generation in the maize plant, and provides useful information on possible strategies to be incorporated in breeding programs aimed at N use improvement.","Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T22:33:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4848 bytes, checksum: 96035ab3f5e1c23cc7138a224ce498bd (MD5) 3290410.pdf: 2070994 bytes, checksum: 43a8e172812f97772548f792cd1d3028 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 86314 Lift date: Forever Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","U of I Only","100 p.","Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Physiology Characterization of Nitrogen Use in Maize: Opportunities for Improvement"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Below, Frederick E."],"dc:creator":["Uribelarrea, Martin"],"dc:date":["2015-09-25T22:33:31Z","10000-01-01","2007"],"dc:description":["Nitrogen supply plays a key role in yield determination of the maize crop. An adequate supply of N is vital for the proper establishment and maintenance of the photosynthetic capacity, and for the determination of sink capacity and maintenance of that sink throughout seed development. Since N is one of the main factors powering yield, annual applications of fertilizer N are the norm. However, growing concerns about the environmental impact of crop productivity, together with increasing costs of fertilizer N necessitates a better understanding of processes associated with the efficiency of N use (NUE) and their importance in designing crop management strategies and in developing breeding programs for improved N use. The overall objective of this work was to identify and characterize physiological N response traits that are under genetic control and that can be used to improve NUE. Specific objectives included: (1) gaining a better understanding of how N is utilized by the plant to produce yield, (2) characterizing the genetic diversity for N use in maize hybrids; and (3) determining if N use traits can be identified and improved in maize inbreds. The overall approach was to evaluate maize genotypes (commercial and experimental hybrids and inbreds) under various levels of N supply ranging from deficient to excessive under field conditions. Results within each specific objective suggest that: (1) PEPc may serve as a storage sink for excess leaf N, and that a better allocation of N into Rubisco could improve maize photosynthesis, (2) No hybrid (commercial or experimental) was optimized for both N uptake and N utilization which suggests room for improvement in NUE for maize; and (3) Introgression of exotic germplasm, nearly always improved NUE of the hybrids, which was largely due to improved uptake efficiency. Overall, results presented in this work, provide a better understanding on how N is utilized for yield generation in the maize plant, and provides useful information on possible strategies to be incorporated in breeding programs aimed at N use improvement.","Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T22:33:31Z (GMT). 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