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The interesting empirical findings of this dissertation open avenues for further theory development and empirical inquiry with more refined measures.","abstract_html":"The predictions developed in this dissertation of greater utilization of wholly-owned subsidiaries were corroborated when there was: (a) higher advertising intensity as a measure of higher intangible assets; and (b) lower political risk as measure by two distinct constructs. However, predictions of greater utilization of wholly-owned subsidiaries were not corroborated when there was: (a) higher R&D intensity; (b) higher asset specificity; and (c) lower corruption levels. 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