{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/83653"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/83653","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Maintenance Requirements and Efficiency of Utilization of Protein, Threonine, Lysine and Sulfur Amino Acids in Chicks Fed Diets Based on Crystalline Amino Acids or Soybean Meal","abstract":"Broiler chicks were fed chemically defined crystalline amino acid diets containing graded levels of either L-threonine (Thr), L-lysine·HCl (Lys), DL-methionine (Met), or L-cystine (Cys) during the period 10 to 20-d posthatching. At least six doses of the limiting amino acid representing from 5 to 95% of its ideal level for maximal weight gain and feed efficiency were included as treatments. Other amino acids were maintained at minimized excess levels that were 15% (of ideal) above the various doses of the limiting amino acid. Following 10 d of feeding and a 24-h fast, chicks were killed for whole-body protein and amino acid analysis. Using pen accretion means, protein accretion and accretion of the limiting amino acid were linear functions of intake of the limiting amino acid from 5 to 95% of ideal for Thr and Lys and from 5 to 70% of ideal for Met and sulfur amino acids (SAA). Slope of the limiting amino acid accretion line indicated 82% of Thr was recovered in whole-body protein, 79% of Lys, 68% of Met, and when calculated together 52% of SAA. Maintenance requirements for zero accretion of the limiting amino acids were, as follows: Thr, 45.7 mg/d per kg0.75; Lys, 89.1 mg/d per kg 0.75; and SAA, 15.3 mg/d per kg0.75. Maintenance requirements for zero protein accretion of the limiting amino acids were all lower: Thr, 39.2 mg/d per kg0.75; Lys, 6.9 mg/d per kg 0.75; and SAA, 9.4 mg/d per kg0.75. As doses of the limiting amino acid increased in the diet, whole-body concentrations of other indispensable amino acids increased whereas glycine and proline tended to decrease. Protein quality evaluation of soybean meal (62.7% CP) processed from a genetically modified high protein soybean revealed an increase in all essential amino acids, and amino acid digestibility values were comparable to a soybean meal (47.5% CP) processed from a conventional soybean variety. Results of this study indicated that the high protein soybean meal has considerable advantages over conventional soybean meal as a feed ingredient for broiler chickens.","abstract_html":"Broiler chicks were fed chemically defined crystalline amino acid diets containing graded levels of either L-threonine (Thr), L-lysine·HCl (Lys), DL-methionine (Met), or L-cystine (Cys) during the period 10 to 20-d posthatching. At least six doses of the limiting amino acid representing from 5 to 95% of its ideal level for maximal weight gain and feed efficiency were included as treatments. Other amino acids were maintained at minimized excess levels that were 15% (of ideal) above the various doses of the limiting amino acid. Following 10 d of feeding and a 24-h fast, chicks were killed for whole-body protein and amino acid analysis. Using pen accretion means, protein accretion and accretion of the limiting amino acid were linear functions of intake of the limiting amino acid from 5 to 95% of ideal for Thr and Lys and from 5 to 70% of ideal for Met and sulfur amino acids (SAA). Slope of the limiting amino acid accretion line indicated 82% of Thr was recovered in whole-body protein, 79% of Lys, 68% of Met, and when calculated together 52% of SAA. Maintenance requirements for zero accretion of the limiting amino acids were, as follows: Thr, 45.7 mg/d per kg0.75; Lys, 89.1 mg/d per kg 0.75; and SAA, 15.3 mg/d per kg0.75. Maintenance requirements for zero protein accretion of the limiting amino acids were all lower: Thr, 39.2 mg/d per kg0.75; Lys, 6.9 mg/d per kg 0.75; and SAA, 9.4 mg/d per kg0.75. As doses of the limiting amino acid increased in the diet, whole-body concentrations of other indispensable amino acids increased whereas glycine and proline tended to decrease. Protein quality evaluation of soybean meal (62.7% CP) processed from a genetically modified high protein soybean revealed an increase in all essential amino acids, and amino acid digestibility values were comparable to a soybean meal (47.5% CP) processed from a conventional soybean variety. Results of this study indicated that the high protein soybean meal has considerable advantages over conventional soybean meal as a feed ingredient for broiler chickens.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Edwards, Hardy Malcolm, III"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Animal Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Baker, David H."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2015,"date_issued":"2015-09-25T21:08:38Z","date_published":"2015-09-25T21:08:38Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:21Z","subjects":["Biology, Animal Physiology"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["(MiAaPQ)AAI9944842"],"render_values":[{"text":"(MiAaPQ)AAI9944842","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/83653","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Baker, David H."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Edwards, Hardy Malcolm, III"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2015-09-25T21:08:38Z","10000-01-01","1999"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Animal Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Biology, Animal Physiology"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/83653","(MiAaPQ)AAI9944842"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Broiler chicks were fed chemically defined crystalline amino acid diets containing graded levels of either L-threonine (Thr), L-lysine·HCl (Lys), DL-methionine (Met), or L-cystine (Cys) during the period 10 to 20-d posthatching. At least six doses of the limiting amino acid representing from 5 to 95% of its ideal level for maximal weight gain and feed efficiency were included as treatments. Other amino acids were maintained at minimized excess levels that were 15% (of ideal) above the various doses of the limiting amino acid. Following 10 d of feeding and a 24-h fast, chicks were killed for whole-body protein and amino acid analysis. Using pen accretion means, protein accretion and accretion of the limiting amino acid were linear functions of intake of the limiting amino acid from 5 to 95% of ideal for Thr and Lys and from 5 to 70% of ideal for Met and sulfur amino acids (SAA). Slope of the limiting amino acid accretion line indicated 82% of Thr was recovered in whole-body protein, 79% of Lys, 68% of Met, and when calculated together 52% of SAA. Maintenance requirements for zero accretion of the limiting amino acids were, as follows: Thr, 45.7 mg/d per kg0.75; Lys, 89.1 mg/d per kg 0.75; and SAA, 15.3 mg/d per kg0.75. Maintenance requirements for zero protein accretion of the limiting amino acids were all lower: Thr, 39.2 mg/d per kg0.75; Lys, 6.9 mg/d per kg 0.75; and SAA, 9.4 mg/d per kg0.75. As doses of the limiting amino acid increased in the diet, whole-body concentrations of other indispensable amino acids increased whereas glycine and proline tended to decrease. Protein quality evaluation of soybean meal (62.7% CP) processed from a genetically modified high protein soybean revealed an increase in all essential amino acids, and amino acid digestibility values were comparable to a soybean meal (47.5% CP) processed from a conventional soybean variety. Results of this study indicated that the high protein soybean meal has considerable advantages over conventional soybean meal as a feed ingredient for broiler chickens.","Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T21:08:38Z (GMT). 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At least six doses of the limiting amino acid representing from 5 to 95% of its ideal level for maximal weight gain and feed efficiency were included as treatments. Other amino acids were maintained at minimized excess levels that were 15% (of ideal) above the various doses of the limiting amino acid. Following 10 d of feeding and a 24-h fast, chicks were killed for whole-body protein and amino acid analysis. Using pen accretion means, protein accretion and accretion of the limiting amino acid were linear functions of intake of the limiting amino acid from 5 to 95% of ideal for Thr and Lys and from 5 to 70% of ideal for Met and sulfur amino acids (SAA). Slope of the limiting amino acid accretion line indicated 82% of Thr was recovered in whole-body protein, 79% of Lys, 68% of Met, and when calculated together 52% of SAA. Maintenance requirements for zero accretion of the limiting amino acids were, as follows: Thr, 45.7 mg/d per kg0.75; Lys, 89.1 mg/d per kg 0.75; and SAA, 15.3 mg/d per kg0.75. Maintenance requirements for zero protein accretion of the limiting amino acids were all lower: Thr, 39.2 mg/d per kg0.75; Lys, 6.9 mg/d per kg 0.75; and SAA, 9.4 mg/d per kg0.75. As doses of the limiting amino acid increased in the diet, whole-body concentrations of other indispensable amino acids increased whereas glycine and proline tended to decrease. Protein quality evaluation of soybean meal (62.7% CP) processed from a genetically modified high protein soybean revealed an increase in all essential amino acids, and amino acid digestibility values were comparable to a soybean meal (47.5% CP) processed from a conventional soybean variety. Results of this study indicated that the high protein soybean meal has considerable advantages over conventional soybean meal as a feed ingredient for broiler chickens.","Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T21:08:38Z (GMT). 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