{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/83534"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/83534","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Protein, Phosphorus, and Energy Utilization in Young Chickens and Pigs as Affected by Microbial Phytase and Nutritionally -Enhanced Corn Hybrids","abstract":"Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of phytase for improving protein-amino acid (AA) utilization in corn gluten meal (CGM) and soybean meal (SBM) for young chickens and pigs using slope-ratio growth, protein accretion, and protein efficiency ratio (g weight gain/g protein intake) assays. Regardless of evaluation method, microbial phytase did not (P > 0.10) affect protein-AA utilization in CGM or SBM for young chickens and pigs, and this inability was not (P > 0.10) altered by dietary excesses of calcium and available phosphorus (P). Also, it was determined that phytase-mediated responses in chicks fed AA- and P-deficient diets were due solely to increased P utilization and not to improved AA utilization. Reducing inorganic P and selected trace-mineral supplementation of late-finishing swine diets did not (P > 0.10) adversely affect growth performance and carcass traits, but resulted in depressed (P 0.05) with phytase supplementation. Low-phytate (LP) corn was found to contain two times more (P < 0.05) bioavailable P than conventional corn (CONV), and employing LP-corn and microbial phytase, or both, effectively reduced (P < 0.05) the need for inorganic P supplementation, and ultimately reduced (P < 0.05) P excretion by chicks. Moreover, the P bioavailability advantage in LP-corn over CONV-corn translated to more (P < 0.05) bioavailable P in corn gluten feed (CGF) derived from LP-corn compared to that derived from CONV-corn. The most problematic and perplexing observation was the reduced metabolizable energy in corn hybrids containing reduced phytic acid levels. Incorporating the low-phytate trait in either CONV (LP) or in a high protein-high oil hybrid (HPO/LP) reduced the energy value for chickens compared to CONV and HPO controls; it also decreased the energy value of HPO/LP for pigs compared to HPO. These data demonstrate the need for comprehensive evaluation of nutritionally-enhanced grain varieties.","abstract_html":"Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of phytase for improving protein-amino acid (AA) utilization in corn gluten meal (CGM) and soybean meal (SBM) for young chickens and pigs using slope-ratio growth, protein accretion, and protein efficiency ratio (g weight gain/g protein intake) assays. Regardless of evaluation method, microbial phytase did not (P &gt; 0.10) affect protein-AA utilization in CGM or SBM for young chickens and pigs, and this inability was not (P &gt; 0.10) altered by dietary excesses of calcium and available phosphorus (P). Also, it was determined that phytase-mediated responses in chicks fed AA- and P-deficient diets were due solely to increased P utilization and not to improved AA utilization. Reducing inorganic P and selected trace-mineral supplementation of late-finishing swine diets did not (P &gt; 0.10) adversely affect growth performance and carcass traits, but resulted in depressed (P 0.05) with phytase supplementation. Low-phytate (LP) corn was found to contain two times more (P &lt; 0.05) bioavailable P than conventional corn (CONV), and employing LP-corn and microbial phytase, or both, effectively reduced (P &lt; 0.05) the need for inorganic P supplementation, and ultimately reduced (P &lt; 0.05) P excretion by chicks. Moreover, the P bioavailability advantage in LP-corn over CONV-corn translated to more (P &lt; 0.05) bioavailable P in corn gluten feed (CGF) derived from LP-corn compared to that derived from CONV-corn. The most problematic and perplexing observation was the reduced metabolizable energy in corn hybrids containing reduced phytic acid levels. Incorporating the low-phytate trait in either CONV (LP) or in a high protein-high oil hybrid (HPO/LP) reduced the energy value for chickens compared to CONV and HPO controls; it also decreased the energy value of HPO/LP for pigs compared to HPO. These data demonstrate the need for comprehensive evaluation of nutritionally-enhanced grain varieties.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Peter, Christopher Matthew"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Animal Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Baker, David H."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2015,"date_issued":"2015-09-25T21:08:01Z","date_published":"2015-09-25T21:08:01Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:21Z","subjects":["Environmental Sciences"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["(MiAaPQ)AAI3017182"],"render_values":[{"text":"(MiAaPQ)AAI3017182","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/83534","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Baker, David H."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Peter, Christopher Matthew"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2015-09-25T21:08:01Z","10000-01-01","2001"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Animal Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Environmental Sciences"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/83534","(MiAaPQ)AAI3017182"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of phytase for improving protein-amino acid (AA) utilization in corn gluten meal (CGM) and soybean meal (SBM) for young chickens and pigs using slope-ratio growth, protein accretion, and protein efficiency ratio (g weight gain/g protein intake) assays. Regardless of evaluation method, microbial phytase did not (P > 0.10) affect protein-AA utilization in CGM or SBM for young chickens and pigs, and this inability was not (P > 0.10) altered by dietary excesses of calcium and available phosphorus (P). Also, it was determined that phytase-mediated responses in chicks fed AA- and P-deficient diets were due solely to increased P utilization and not to improved AA utilization. Reducing inorganic P and selected trace-mineral supplementation of late-finishing swine diets did not (P > 0.10) adversely affect growth performance and carcass traits, but resulted in depressed (P 0.05) with phytase supplementation. Low-phytate (LP) corn was found to contain two times more (P < 0.05) bioavailable P than conventional corn (CONV), and employing LP-corn and microbial phytase, or both, effectively reduced (P < 0.05) the need for inorganic P supplementation, and ultimately reduced (P < 0.05) P excretion by chicks. Moreover, the P bioavailability advantage in LP-corn over CONV-corn translated to more (P < 0.05) bioavailable P in corn gluten feed (CGF) derived from LP-corn compared to that derived from CONV-corn. The most problematic and perplexing observation was the reduced metabolizable energy in corn hybrids containing reduced phytic acid levels. Incorporating the low-phytate trait in either CONV (LP) or in a high protein-high oil hybrid (HPO/LP) reduced the energy value for chickens compared to CONV and HPO controls; it also decreased the energy value of HPO/LP for pigs compared to HPO. These data demonstrate the need for comprehensive evaluation of nutritionally-enhanced grain varieties.","Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T21:08:01Z (GMT). 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Regardless of evaluation method, microbial phytase did not (P > 0.10) affect protein-AA utilization in CGM or SBM for young chickens and pigs, and this inability was not (P > 0.10) altered by dietary excesses of calcium and available phosphorus (P). Also, it was determined that phytase-mediated responses in chicks fed AA- and P-deficient diets were due solely to increased P utilization and not to improved AA utilization. Reducing inorganic P and selected trace-mineral supplementation of late-finishing swine diets did not (P > 0.10) adversely affect growth performance and carcass traits, but resulted in depressed (P 0.05) with phytase supplementation. Low-phytate (LP) corn was found to contain two times more (P < 0.05) bioavailable P than conventional corn (CONV), and employing LP-corn and microbial phytase, or both, effectively reduced (P < 0.05) the need for inorganic P supplementation, and ultimately reduced (P < 0.05) P excretion by chicks. Moreover, the P bioavailability advantage in LP-corn over CONV-corn translated to more (P < 0.05) bioavailable P in corn gluten feed (CGF) derived from LP-corn compared to that derived from CONV-corn. The most problematic and perplexing observation was the reduced metabolizable energy in corn hybrids containing reduced phytic acid levels. Incorporating the low-phytate trait in either CONV (LP) or in a high protein-high oil hybrid (HPO/LP) reduced the energy value for chickens compared to CONV and HPO controls; it also decreased the energy value of HPO/LP for pigs compared to HPO. These data demonstrate the need for comprehensive evaluation of nutritionally-enhanced grain varieties.","Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T21:08:01Z (GMT). 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