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Finally, the reliability of design based on the uniform-risk redundancy factor is verified for the 5-story, one way dual systems.","abstract_html":"The proposed uniform-risk redundancy factor is then compared with the reliability and redundancy factor (rho) in the 1996 SEAOC Blue Book, NEHRP 97, and UBC 97, which depends on the system configuration only. The results show the inadequacies of the latter approach in describing the redundancy of a building system due to its failure to address other important factors such as demand and capacity uncertainty as well as brittle versus ductile member behavior. 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