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Compared to previous systems that adapt only at coarse time granularity, GRACE-OS saves energy by 2% to 8.9% without affecting multimedia quality.","abstract_html":"We have implemented GRACE-OS in the Linux kernel and evaluated it with adaptive Athlon processor and adaptive video codec applications. Our experimental results show that GRACE-OS efficiently trades off QoS for energy with acceptable overhead. In particular, compared to previous systems that adapt only some system layers, GRACE-OS achieves the user-desired battery lifetime and saves energy by up to 59% while providing better or the same multimedia quality. 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