{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/77647"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/77647","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Hormonal Regulation of Protein and Phytic Acid Mobilization in Germinating Barley","abstract":"The mobilization of endosperm reserves in germinated cereal grains has been shown to be hormonally regulated. This work examines the involvement of gibberellic acid (GA$\\sb{3}$) in the hydrolysis of protein and phytic acid (myo -inositol hexakis-phosphate) reserves.","abstract_html":"The mobilization of endosperm reserves in germinated cereal grains has been shown to be hormonally regulated. This work examines the involvement of gibberellic acid (GA$\\sb{3}$) in the hydrolysis of protein and phytic acid (myo -inositol hexakis-phosphate) reserves.","abstract_has_math":true,"creators":["Hammerton, Rachel Wilson"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Biology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2015,"date_issued":"2015-05-14T15:18:37Z","date_published":"2015-05-14T15:18:37Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:11Z","subjects":["Biology, General"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["(UMI)AAI8721646"],"render_values":[{"text":"(UMI)AAI8721646","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/77647","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hammerton, Rachel Wilson"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2015-05-14T15:18:37Z","10000-01-01","1987"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Biology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Biology, General"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/77647","(UMI)AAI8721646"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["The mobilization of endosperm reserves in germinated cereal grains has been shown to be hormonally regulated. This work examines the involvement of gibberellic acid (GA$\\sb{3}$) in the hydrolysis of protein and phytic acid (myo -inositol hexakis-phosphate) reserves.","Two groups of proteases were examined in GA$\\sb{3}$-treated barley aleurone (Hordeum vulgare cv. Himalaya). Carboxypeptidase and proteinase activities were investigated using the substrates N-carbobenzoxy-ala-phe and hemoglobin. GA$\\sb{3}$ was required for the production of proteinase activity in the aleurone layer and for its release; both processes were inhibited by abscisic acid. Carboxypeptidase activity developed in the aleurone layers during imbibition but was released only in the presence of GA$\\sb{3}$. ABA inhibited carboxypeptidase release. Carboxypeptidase activity was inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate and was maximal between pH 5 and 6. Proteinase activity was inhibited by bromate and leupeptin, enhanced by 2-mercaptoethanol, and utilized the storage proteins gliadin and hordein as substrates. Proteinase activity was represented by three enzymes which differed in charge but all had apparent molecular weights of 37 kD on SDS polyacrylamide gels. This 37 kD band was a newly-synthesized, GA$\\sb{3}$-induced protein.","When phytic acid levels were examined in mature, dry barley grain it was determined that 90% of the phytic acid was stored in the aleurone cells, with little or none in the starchy endosperm. In barley germinated at 25$\\sp\\circ$C phytate levels had dropped by 50% after three days. At 10$\\sp\\circ$C, more than ten days were required for 50% hydrolysis. GA$\\sb{3}$ was required for significant phytate hydrolysis in endosperm half-grains and the GA$\\sb{3}$-stimulated rate paralleled the loss in the endosperm of germinated grains.","Phosphatases were detected in aleurone cells using native polyacrylamide gels stained for activity using $\\alpha$-naphthyl phosphate. Bands 1-3 (numbered from lowest mobility) were detected in the aleurone cells of dry grains. Bands 4-8 developed when the grain was imbibed. When intracellular activities were examined in aleurone protoplasts, only bands 4-8 were found. GA$\\sb{3}$ appeared to stimulate an increase in all bands but most noticeably in bands 1-3. GA$\\sb{3}$ also enhanced the release of bands 1-6 from the aleurone cells.","Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T15:18:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4848 bytes, checksum: 96035ab3f5e1c23cc7138a224ce498bd (MD5) 8721646.PDF: 3875531 bytes, checksum: 429e64f06a106f3bcdbe13bd8b9d1b40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1987","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 78857 Lift date: Forever Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","U of I Only","152 p.","Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1987."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Hormonal Regulation of Protein and Phytic Acid Mobilization in Germinating Barley"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Hammerton, Rachel Wilson"],"dc:date":["2015-05-14T15:18:37Z","10000-01-01","1987"],"dc:description":["The mobilization of endosperm reserves in germinated cereal grains has been shown to be hormonally regulated. This work examines the involvement of gibberellic acid (GA$\\sb{3}$) in the hydrolysis of protein and phytic acid (myo -inositol hexakis-phosphate) reserves.","Two groups of proteases were examined in GA$\\sb{3}$-treated barley aleurone (Hordeum vulgare cv. Himalaya). Carboxypeptidase and proteinase activities were investigated using the substrates N-carbobenzoxy-ala-phe and hemoglobin. GA$\\sb{3}$ was required for the production of proteinase activity in the aleurone layer and for its release; both processes were inhibited by abscisic acid. Carboxypeptidase activity developed in the aleurone layers during imbibition but was released only in the presence of GA$\\sb{3}$. ABA inhibited carboxypeptidase release. Carboxypeptidase activity was inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate and was maximal between pH 5 and 6. Proteinase activity was inhibited by bromate and leupeptin, enhanced by 2-mercaptoethanol, and utilized the storage proteins gliadin and hordein as substrates. Proteinase activity was represented by three enzymes which differed in charge but all had apparent molecular weights of 37 kD on SDS polyacrylamide gels. This 37 kD band was a newly-synthesized, GA$\\sb{3}$-induced protein.","When phytic acid levels were examined in mature, dry barley grain it was determined that 90% of the phytic acid was stored in the aleurone cells, with little or none in the starchy endosperm. In barley germinated at 25$\\sp\\circ$C phytate levels had dropped by 50% after three days. At 10$\\sp\\circ$C, more than ten days were required for 50% hydrolysis. GA$\\sb{3}$ was required for significant phytate hydrolysis in endosperm half-grains and the GA$\\sb{3}$-stimulated rate paralleled the loss in the endosperm of germinated grains.","Phosphatases were detected in aleurone cells using native polyacrylamide gels stained for activity using $\\alpha$-naphthyl phosphate. Bands 1-3 (numbered from lowest mobility) were detected in the aleurone cells of dry grains. Bands 4-8 developed when the grain was imbibed. When intracellular activities were examined in aleurone protoplasts, only bands 4-8 were found. GA$\\sb{3}$ appeared to stimulate an increase in all bands but most noticeably in bands 1-3. GA$\\sb{3}$ also enhanced the release of bands 1-6 from the aleurone cells.","Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T15:18:37Z (GMT). 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