{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/71378"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/71378","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"An Empirical Investigation Into the Effects on Tax Equity of Selected Alternative Methods of Taxing Capital Gains and Losses","abstract":"This study performed an empirical investigation of the effect of alternative tax treatments of capital assets on tax equity as defined by selected definitions. The data source for this study was the Internal Revenue Service Individual Tax Model Tapes for tax year 1975. The five alternative tax treatments used were (1) the 1975 Code rules, (2) the 1980 Code rules, (3) including no capital gains and deducting no capital losses in the computation of taxable income, (4) prorating the fully included capital gains and losses in a procedure similar to income averaging, and (5) treating all realized capital gains and losses as ordinary gains and losses. Three equity concepts were developed for purposes of assigning taxpayers to equal circumstances groups. Since income was used as a measure of economic well-being and ability to pay, different concepts of equity resulted in different views of what should be included in income. The three equity income concepts used for assignment to equal circumstance groups were (1) using 1975 AGI, (2) recomputing AGI excluding all capital gains and deducting no capital losses, and (3) extending AGI to include all capital gains and deduct all capital losses. Each of the 95,073 single and married taxpayers filing jointly on the tapes were grouped according to filing status and assigned to one of eight income groupings. The individual's tax liability was computed once under each of the five alternative treatments. As different equity concepts were considered, some individuals were reassigned to different equal circumstance groups. The coefficient of variations and effective rates of the alternatives were analyzed to evaluate the horizontal and vertical equity of the alternatives under each equity concept. The tax treatment which appeared most equitable depended upon the equity concept selected for making group assignments. The best compromise alternative appeared to be the proration of gains and losses. The study provides an empirical foundation for tax policy decisions; however, any changes will remain a political process.","abstract_html":"This study performed an empirical investigation of the effect of alternative tax treatments of capital assets on tax equity as defined by selected definitions. The data source for this study was the Internal Revenue Service Individual Tax Model Tapes for tax year 1975. The five alternative tax treatments used were (1) the 1975 Code rules, (2) the 1980 Code rules, (3) including no capital gains and deducting no capital losses in the computation of taxable income, (4) prorating the fully included capital gains and losses in a procedure similar to income averaging, and (5) treating all realized capital gains and losses as ordinary gains and losses. Three equity concepts were developed for purposes of assigning taxpayers to equal circumstances groups. Since income was used as a measure of economic well-being and ability to pay, different concepts of equity resulted in different views of what should be included in income. The three equity income concepts used for assignment to equal circumstance groups were (1) using 1975 AGI, (2) recomputing AGI excluding all capital gains and deducting no capital losses, and (3) extending AGI to include all capital gains and deduct all capital losses. Each of the 95,073 single and married taxpayers filing jointly on the tapes were grouped according to filing status and assigned to one of eight income groupings. The individual's tax liability was computed once under each of the five alternative treatments. As different equity concepts were considered, some individuals were reassigned to different equal circumstance groups. The coefficient of variations and effective rates of the alternatives were analyzed to evaluate the horizontal and vertical equity of the alternatives under each equity concept. The tax treatment which appeared most equitable depended upon the equity concept selected for making group assignments. The best compromise alternative appeared to be the proration of gains and losses. The study provides an empirical foundation for tax policy decisions; however, any changes will remain a political process.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Cairns, Scott Neil"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Accountancy","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-12-16T06:41:10Z","date_published":"2014-12-16T06:41:10Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:04Z","subjects":["Business Administration, Accounting"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["(UMI)AAI8409880"],"render_values":[{"text":"(UMI)AAI8409880","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/71378","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Cairns, Scott Neil"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2014-12-16T06:41:10Z","10000-01-01","1983"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Accountancy"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Business Administration, Accounting"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/71378","(UMI)AAI8409880"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["This study performed an empirical investigation of the effect of alternative tax treatments of capital assets on tax equity as defined by selected definitions. The data source for this study was the Internal Revenue Service Individual Tax Model Tapes for tax year 1975. The five alternative tax treatments used were (1) the 1975 Code rules, (2) the 1980 Code rules, (3) including no capital gains and deducting no capital losses in the computation of taxable income, (4) prorating the fully included capital gains and losses in a procedure similar to income averaging, and (5) treating all realized capital gains and losses as ordinary gains and losses. Three equity concepts were developed for purposes of assigning taxpayers to equal circumstances groups. Since income was used as a measure of economic well-being and ability to pay, different concepts of equity resulted in different views of what should be included in income. The three equity income concepts used for assignment to equal circumstance groups were (1) using 1975 AGI, (2) recomputing AGI excluding all capital gains and deducting no capital losses, and (3) extending AGI to include all capital gains and deduct all capital losses. Each of the 95,073 single and married taxpayers filing jointly on the tapes were grouped according to filing status and assigned to one of eight income groupings. The individual's tax liability was computed once under each of the five alternative treatments. As different equity concepts were considered, some individuals were reassigned to different equal circumstance groups. The coefficient of variations and effective rates of the alternatives were analyzed to evaluate the horizontal and vertical equity of the alternatives under each equity concept. The tax treatment which appeared most equitable depended upon the equity concept selected for making group assignments. The best compromise alternative appeared to be the proration of gains and losses. The study provides an empirical foundation for tax policy decisions; however, any changes will remain a political process.","Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-16T06:41:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 8409880.pdf: 8009439 bytes, checksum: eedef07edc6a1f4232c8f769f55bcbd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1983","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 71544 Lift date: Forever Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","U of I Only","198 p.","Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1983."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["An Empirical Investigation Into the Effects on Tax Equity of Selected Alternative Methods of Taxing Capital Gains and Losses"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Cairns, Scott Neil"],"dc:date":["2014-12-16T06:41:10Z","10000-01-01","1983"],"dc:description":["This study performed an empirical investigation of the effect of alternative tax treatments of capital assets on tax equity as defined by selected definitions. The data source for this study was the Internal Revenue Service Individual Tax Model Tapes for tax year 1975. The five alternative tax treatments used were (1) the 1975 Code rules, (2) the 1980 Code rules, (3) including no capital gains and deducting no capital losses in the computation of taxable income, (4) prorating the fully included capital gains and losses in a procedure similar to income averaging, and (5) treating all realized capital gains and losses as ordinary gains and losses. Three equity concepts were developed for purposes of assigning taxpayers to equal circumstances groups. Since income was used as a measure of economic well-being and ability to pay, different concepts of equity resulted in different views of what should be included in income. The three equity income concepts used for assignment to equal circumstance groups were (1) using 1975 AGI, (2) recomputing AGI excluding all capital gains and deducting no capital losses, and (3) extending AGI to include all capital gains and deduct all capital losses. Each of the 95,073 single and married taxpayers filing jointly on the tapes were grouped according to filing status and assigned to one of eight income groupings. The individual's tax liability was computed once under each of the five alternative treatments. As different equity concepts were considered, some individuals were reassigned to different equal circumstance groups. The coefficient of variations and effective rates of the alternatives were analyzed to evaluate the horizontal and vertical equity of the alternatives under each equity concept. The tax treatment which appeared most equitable depended upon the equity concept selected for making group assignments. The best compromise alternative appeared to be the proration of gains and losses. The study provides an empirical foundation for tax policy decisions; however, any changes will remain a political process.","Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-16T06:41:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 8409880.pdf: 8009439 bytes, checksum: eedef07edc6a1f4232c8f769f55bcbd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1983","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 71544 Lift date: Forever Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","U of I Only","198 p.","Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1983."],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/71378","(UMI)AAI8409880"],"dc:subject":["Business Administration, Accounting"],"dc:title":["An Empirical Investigation Into the Effects on Tax Equity of Selected Alternative Methods of Taxing Capital Gains and Losses"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Accountancy"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:04Z"}