{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/70064"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/70064","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Nitrogen Metabolites During Exercise in the Horse","abstract":"In experiment one, eight Quarter Horse mares were intravenously infused prior to exercise with either sodium acetate (control) or ammonium acetate to determine the effect of elevated ammonia (NH$\\sb3$) levels on fatigue development and muscle metabolism. The horses were exercised on an 11% grade treadmill at 4.4 m/s, carrying 27 kg of lead. Time to fatigue was not (P $>$.05) different between groups. Middle gluteal muscle (im) NH$\\sb3$ and lactate increased (P $$.05). Treatment did not (P $>$.05) affect plasma or im ala, glu or gln. Urinary orotic acid/creatinine ratio was not (P $>$.05) affected by exercise or treatment and suggests that the urea cycle was not impaired during exercise. These results did not show any metabolic evidence for a role of increased blood NH$\\sb3$ in fatigue development at the level of the central nervous system.","abstract_html":"In experiment one, eight Quarter Horse mares were intravenously infused prior to exercise with either sodium acetate (control) or ammonium acetate to determine the effect of elevated ammonia (NH$\\sb3$) levels on fatigue development and muscle metabolism. The horses were exercised on an 11% grade treadmill at 4.4 m/s, carrying 27 kg of lead. Time to fatigue was not (P $>$.05) different between groups. Middle gluteal muscle (im) NH$\\sb3$ and lactate increased (P $$.05). Treatment did not (P $>$.05) affect plasma or im ala, glu or gln. Urinary orotic acid/creatinine ratio was not (P $>$.05) affected by exercise or treatment and suggests that the urea cycle was not impaired during exercise. These results did not show any metabolic evidence for a role of increased blood NH$\\sb3$ in fatigue development at the level of the central nervous system.","abstract_has_math":true,"creators":["Miller-Graber, Peggy Ann"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Animal Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Lawrence, Laurie,"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-12-15T21:01:16Z","date_published":"2014-12-15T21:01:16Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:02Z","subjects":["Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["(UMI)AAI8908780"],"render_values":[{"text":"(UMI)AAI8908780","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/70064","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Lawrence, Laurie,"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Miller-Graber, Peggy Ann"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2014-12-15T21:01:16Z","10000-01-01","1988"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Animal Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/70064","(UMI)AAI8908780"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["In experiment one, eight Quarter Horse mares were intravenously infused prior to exercise with either sodium acetate (control) or ammonium acetate to determine the effect of elevated ammonia (NH$\\sb3$) levels on fatigue development and muscle metabolism. The horses were exercised on an 11% grade treadmill at 4.4 m/s, carrying 27 kg of lead. Time to fatigue was not (P $>$.05) different between groups. Middle gluteal muscle (im) NH$\\sb3$ and lactate increased (P $$.05). Treatment did not (P $>$.05) affect plasma or im ala, glu or gln. Urinary orotic acid/creatinine ratio was not (P $>$.05) affected by exercise or treatment and suggests that the urea cycle was not impaired during exercise. These results did not show any metabolic evidence for a role of increased blood NH$\\sb3$ in fatigue development at the level of the central nervous system.","In a second experiment, six mature Quarter Horse mares were used in a crossover design to assess the effect of dietary protein level on energy and nitrogen metabolism during exercise. After a 2-wk adaptation to either a 9.0% (control) or an 18.5% crude protein (high-protein: HP) diet, each mare performed an exercise test (ET). The ET was performed in the absorptive stage of digestion and consisted of a 15 min exercise period at 4.5 m/s on an 11% grade treadmill. The dietary treatment did not (P $>$.05) affect heart rate or oxygen uptake; however, exercise resulted in an increase (P $$.05) effects due to treatment. A diet by exercise interaction (P $<$.01) occurred for plasma ala, being lower in the HP horses. Plasma urea-N, the urinary urea-N/creatinine and orotic acid/creatinine ratio were higher (P $<$.001) in the HP group. The excretion of urea-N in sweat was also higher (P $<$.001) in the HP group. Substrate utilization during exercise was not altered by excess dietary protein; however, excess protein stimulated nitrogen metabolism in the horse at rest, during submaximal exercise and during recovery.","Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-15T21:01:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 8908780.pdf: 9106894 bytes, checksum: 8dae18d52c109cb1150b632a2bf70c01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1988","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 70230 Lift date: Forever Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","U of I Only","239 p.","Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1988."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Nitrogen Metabolites During Exercise in the Horse"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Lawrence, Laurie,"],"dc:creator":["Miller-Graber, Peggy Ann"],"dc:date":["2014-12-15T21:01:16Z","10000-01-01","1988"],"dc:description":["In experiment one, eight Quarter Horse mares were intravenously infused prior to exercise with either sodium acetate (control) or ammonium acetate to determine the effect of elevated ammonia (NH$\\sb3$) levels on fatigue development and muscle metabolism. The horses were exercised on an 11% grade treadmill at 4.4 m/s, carrying 27 kg of lead. Time to fatigue was not (P $>$.05) different between groups. Middle gluteal muscle (im) NH$\\sb3$ and lactate increased (P $$.05). Treatment did not (P $>$.05) affect plasma or im ala, glu or gln. Urinary orotic acid/creatinine ratio was not (P $>$.05) affected by exercise or treatment and suggests that the urea cycle was not impaired during exercise. These results did not show any metabolic evidence for a role of increased blood NH$\\sb3$ in fatigue development at the level of the central nervous system.","In a second experiment, six mature Quarter Horse mares were used in a crossover design to assess the effect of dietary protein level on energy and nitrogen metabolism during exercise. After a 2-wk adaptation to either a 9.0% (control) or an 18.5% crude protein (high-protein: HP) diet, each mare performed an exercise test (ET). The ET was performed in the absorptive stage of digestion and consisted of a 15 min exercise period at 4.5 m/s on an 11% grade treadmill. The dietary treatment did not (P $>$.05) affect heart rate or oxygen uptake; however, exercise resulted in an increase (P $$.05) effects due to treatment. A diet by exercise interaction (P $<$.01) occurred for plasma ala, being lower in the HP horses. Plasma urea-N, the urinary urea-N/creatinine and orotic acid/creatinine ratio were higher (P $<$.001) in the HP group. The excretion of urea-N in sweat was also higher (P $<$.001) in the HP group. Substrate utilization during exercise was not altered by excess dietary protein; however, excess protein stimulated nitrogen metabolism in the horse at rest, during submaximal exercise and during recovery.","Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-15T21:01:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 8908780.pdf: 9106894 bytes, checksum: 8dae18d52c109cb1150b632a2bf70c01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1988","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 70230 Lift date: Forever Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","U of I Only","239 p.","Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1988."],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/70064","(UMI)AAI8908780"],"dc:subject":["Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition"],"dc:title":["Nitrogen Metabolites During Exercise in the Horse"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Animal Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:02Z"}