{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/70050"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/70050","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Effects of Alcohol, Heat, and Lipid Treatment of Soybean Meal on Nitrogen Utilization by Ruminants","abstract":"Soybean meal (SBM) was treated with aqueous alcohols and/or lipids to study treatment effects on SBM nitrogen (N) utilization by ruminants. In situ N disappearance at 2, 4 and 6 h was reduced (P $<$.05) when SBM was treated with 85% v/v isopropanol or 87.7% isopropanol compared to untreated SBM (UT), with no differences in rate of N disappearance between 2 and 12 h due to SBM treatment. No improvements in N retention, absorption or digestion were seen when isopropanol treated SBM was fed to 20 kg lambs compared to UT. When SBM was treated with 70% ethanol at 23 C (ET-23) or 80 C (ET-80), 10% coconut oil (CO) or 10% tallow (T) or a combination of 70% ethanol at 80 C with 10% coconut oil (ET-CO) or 10% tallow (ET-T), nitrogen solubility was lowest (P $<$.01) for ET-80, ET-CO and ET-T with N solubility of ET-23 being lower (P $<$.05) than UT. In situ N disappearance was lowest (P $<$.01) after 3, 6, 9 and 18 h for ET-80, ET-CO and ET-T, with rates of N disappearance between 3 and 12 h being lower (P $<$.05) for ET-80, ET-CO and ET-T (4.91, 4.75 and 4.90 %/h, respectively) than for ET-23, CO or T (11.42, 12.5 and 12.3 %/h) or UT (16.9 %/h). Chick bioassays revealed that N availability was not decreased when SBM was treated with 85 or 87.7% isopropanol, 40% propanol at 23 C, ET-80 or ET-23. Untreated SBM, ET-23, ET-80, urea and SBM treated with 70% propanol at 80 C (PR-80) were fed to sheep in a 5 x 5 Latin square experiment. No differences in flow of DM, total N or bacterial N at the duodenum were observed. Duodenal flow of non-ammonia, non-bacterial-N was higher (P $<$.07) for ET-80, ET-23, PR-80 and UT, than when sheep were fed urea. Soybean meal-N reaching the duodenum was not different among treatments while duodenal total and dispensible amino acid flow tended to be higher (P $<$.10) when sheep were fed alcohol-treated SBM. Mature steers were fed ET-80, UT or urea-casein, with or without 500 g/d ruminal NaCl infusion. Duodenal flows of total N and non-ammonia, non-bacterial-N were increased (P $<$.05) when steers were fed ET-80 compared to UT. Percent SBM-N escaping the rumen was greater (P $<$.05) when steers were fed ET-80 vs UT and greater (P $<$.05) when steers were infused with NaCl. Duodenal flows of total, indispensible and dispensible amino acids were increased (P $<$.05) when steers were fed ET-80 instead of UT.","abstract_html":"Soybean meal (SBM) was treated with aqueous alcohols and/or lipids to study treatment effects on SBM nitrogen (N) utilization by ruminants. In situ N disappearance at 2, 4 and 6 h was reduced (P $<$.05) when SBM was treated with 85% v/v isopropanol or 87.7% isopropanol compared to untreated SBM (UT), with no differences in rate of N disappearance between 2 and 12 h due to SBM treatment. No improvements in N retention, absorption or digestion were seen when isopropanol treated SBM was fed to 20 kg lambs compared to UT. When SBM was treated with 70% ethanol at 23 C (ET-23) or 80 C (ET-80), 10% coconut oil (CO) or 10% tallow (T) or a combination of 70% ethanol at 80 C with 10% coconut oil (ET-CO) or 10% tallow (ET-T), nitrogen solubility was lowest (P $<$.01) for ET-80, ET-CO and ET-T with N solubility of ET-23 being lower (P $<$.05) than UT. In situ N disappearance was lowest (P $<$.01) after 3, 6, 9 and 18 h for ET-80, ET-CO and ET-T, with rates of N disappearance between 3 and 12 h being lower (P $<$.05) for ET-80, ET-CO and ET-T (4.91, 4.75 and 4.90 %/h, respectively) than for ET-23, CO or T (11.42, 12.5 and 12.3 %/h) or UT (16.9 %/h). Chick bioassays revealed that N availability was not decreased when SBM was treated with 85 or 87.7% isopropanol, 40% propanol at 23 C, ET-80 or ET-23. Untreated SBM, ET-23, ET-80, urea and SBM treated with 70% propanol at 80 C (PR-80) were fed to sheep in a 5 x 5 Latin square experiment. No differences in flow of DM, total N or bacterial N at the duodenum were observed. Duodenal flow of non-ammonia, non-bacterial-N was higher (P $<$.07) for ET-80, ET-23, PR-80 and UT, than when sheep were fed urea. Soybean meal-N reaching the duodenum was not different among treatments while duodenal total and dispensible amino acid flow tended to be higher (P $<$.10) when sheep were fed alcohol-treated SBM. Mature steers were fed ET-80, UT or urea-casein, with or without 500 g/d ruminal NaCl infusion. Duodenal flows of total N and non-ammonia, non-bacterial-N were increased (P $<$.05) when steers were fed ET-80 compared to UT. Percent SBM-N escaping the rumen was greater (P $<$.05) when steers were fed ET-80 vs UT and greater (P $<$.05) when steers were infused with NaCl. Duodenal flows of total, indispensible and dispensible amino acids were increased (P $<$.05) when steers were fed ET-80 instead of UT.","abstract_has_math":true,"creators":["Lynch, Gary Lee"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Animal Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-12-15T21:01:10Z","date_published":"2014-12-15T21:01:10Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:02Z","subjects":["Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["(UMI)AAI8721700"],"render_values":[{"text":"(UMI)AAI8721700","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/70050","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Lynch, Gary Lee"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2014-12-15T21:01:10Z","10000-01-01","1987"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Animal Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/70050","(UMI)AAI8721700"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Soybean meal (SBM) was treated with aqueous alcohols and/or lipids to study treatment effects on SBM nitrogen (N) utilization by ruminants. In situ N disappearance at 2, 4 and 6 h was reduced (P $<$.05) when SBM was treated with 85% v/v isopropanol or 87.7% isopropanol compared to untreated SBM (UT), with no differences in rate of N disappearance between 2 and 12 h due to SBM treatment. No improvements in N retention, absorption or digestion were seen when isopropanol treated SBM was fed to 20 kg lambs compared to UT. When SBM was treated with 70% ethanol at 23 C (ET-23) or 80 C (ET-80), 10% coconut oil (CO) or 10% tallow (T) or a combination of 70% ethanol at 80 C with 10% coconut oil (ET-CO) or 10% tallow (ET-T), nitrogen solubility was lowest (P $<$.01) for ET-80, ET-CO and ET-T with N solubility of ET-23 being lower (P $<$.05) than UT. In situ N disappearance was lowest (P $<$.01) after 3, 6, 9 and 18 h for ET-80, ET-CO and ET-T, with rates of N disappearance between 3 and 12 h being lower (P $<$.05) for ET-80, ET-CO and ET-T (4.91, 4.75 and 4.90 %/h, respectively) than for ET-23, CO or T (11.42, 12.5 and 12.3 %/h) or UT (16.9 %/h). Chick bioassays revealed that N availability was not decreased when SBM was treated with 85 or 87.7% isopropanol, 40% propanol at 23 C, ET-80 or ET-23. Untreated SBM, ET-23, ET-80, urea and SBM treated with 70% propanol at 80 C (PR-80) were fed to sheep in a 5 x 5 Latin square experiment. No differences in flow of DM, total N or bacterial N at the duodenum were observed. Duodenal flow of non-ammonia, non-bacterial-N was higher (P $<$.07) for ET-80, ET-23, PR-80 and UT, than when sheep were fed urea. Soybean meal-N reaching the duodenum was not different among treatments while duodenal total and dispensible amino acid flow tended to be higher (P $<$.10) when sheep were fed alcohol-treated SBM. Mature steers were fed ET-80, UT or urea-casein, with or without 500 g/d ruminal NaCl infusion. Duodenal flows of total N and non-ammonia, non-bacterial-N were increased (P $<$.05) when steers were fed ET-80 compared to UT. Percent SBM-N escaping the rumen was greater (P $<$.05) when steers were fed ET-80 vs UT and greater (P $<$.05) when steers were infused with NaCl. Duodenal flows of total, indispensible and dispensible amino acids were increased (P $<$.05) when steers were fed ET-80 instead of UT.","Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-15T21:01:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 8721700.pdf: 4521849 bytes, checksum: 53498777a225ff17137dd4eadffa70fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 1987","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 70216 Lift date: Forever Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","U of I Only","132 p.","Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1987."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Effects of Alcohol, Heat, and Lipid Treatment of Soybean Meal on Nitrogen Utilization by Ruminants"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Lynch, Gary Lee"],"dc:date":["2014-12-15T21:01:10Z","10000-01-01","1987"],"dc:description":["Soybean meal (SBM) was treated with aqueous alcohols and/or lipids to study treatment effects on SBM nitrogen (N) utilization by ruminants. In situ N disappearance at 2, 4 and 6 h was reduced (P $<$.05) when SBM was treated with 85% v/v isopropanol or 87.7% isopropanol compared to untreated SBM (UT), with no differences in rate of N disappearance between 2 and 12 h due to SBM treatment. No improvements in N retention, absorption or digestion were seen when isopropanol treated SBM was fed to 20 kg lambs compared to UT. When SBM was treated with 70% ethanol at 23 C (ET-23) or 80 C (ET-80), 10% coconut oil (CO) or 10% tallow (T) or a combination of 70% ethanol at 80 C with 10% coconut oil (ET-CO) or 10% tallow (ET-T), nitrogen solubility was lowest (P $<$.01) for ET-80, ET-CO and ET-T with N solubility of ET-23 being lower (P $<$.05) than UT. In situ N disappearance was lowest (P $<$.01) after 3, 6, 9 and 18 h for ET-80, ET-CO and ET-T, with rates of N disappearance between 3 and 12 h being lower (P $<$.05) for ET-80, ET-CO and ET-T (4.91, 4.75 and 4.90 %/h, respectively) than for ET-23, CO or T (11.42, 12.5 and 12.3 %/h) or UT (16.9 %/h). Chick bioassays revealed that N availability was not decreased when SBM was treated with 85 or 87.7% isopropanol, 40% propanol at 23 C, ET-80 or ET-23. Untreated SBM, ET-23, ET-80, urea and SBM treated with 70% propanol at 80 C (PR-80) were fed to sheep in a 5 x 5 Latin square experiment. No differences in flow of DM, total N or bacterial N at the duodenum were observed. Duodenal flow of non-ammonia, non-bacterial-N was higher (P $<$.07) for ET-80, ET-23, PR-80 and UT, than when sheep were fed urea. Soybean meal-N reaching the duodenum was not different among treatments while duodenal total and dispensible amino acid flow tended to be higher (P $<$.10) when sheep were fed alcohol-treated SBM. Mature steers were fed ET-80, UT or urea-casein, with or without 500 g/d ruminal NaCl infusion. Duodenal flows of total N and non-ammonia, non-bacterial-N were increased (P $<$.05) when steers were fed ET-80 compared to UT. Percent SBM-N escaping the rumen was greater (P $<$.05) when steers were fed ET-80 vs UT and greater (P $<$.05) when steers were infused with NaCl. Duodenal flows of total, indispensible and dispensible amino acids were increased (P $<$.05) when steers were fed ET-80 instead of UT.","Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-15T21:01:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 8721700.pdf: 4521849 bytes, checksum: 53498777a225ff17137dd4eadffa70fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 1987","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 70216 Lift date: Forever Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","U of I Only","132 p.","Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1987."],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/70050","(UMI)AAI8721700"],"dc:subject":["Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition"],"dc:title":["Effects of Alcohol, Heat, and Lipid Treatment of Soybean Meal on Nitrogen Utilization by Ruminants"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Animal Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:02Z"}