{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/69993"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/69993","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Peptides and Nitrogen-Free Analogs as Substitutes for Dietary Amino Acids: Significance in the Nutriture of Chicks and Rats","abstract":"Chick and rat bioassays were conducted to establish quantitative efficacy values (slope-ratio procedure) for the D-isomer, the (alpha)-keto analog and the D- and L-(alpha)-hydroxy analogs of phenylalanine (Phe), leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val). D-Phe was well utilized by both chicks (75%) and rats (68%). L-phenyllactic acid (L-PLA) had an efficacy value of 67% for chicks and 46% for rats. D-PLA had no growth-promoting activity for either chicks or rats. KMV, (alpha)-keto-(beta)-L-methylvaleric acid (60%, chicks; 38%, rats) was markedly inferior to L-(alpha)-hydroxymethylvaleric acid, L-HMV (84%, chicks; 65%, rats), as a source of dietary Ile for both chicks and rats. D-HMV had no growth-promoting activity for either chicks or rats. D-Val was well utilized by chicks (72%) but had only marginal Val bioactivity for rats (16%). Efficacy values of the isomers of (alpha)-hydroxyisovaleric acid (HIV) for the chick were: L-HIV, 82% and D-HIV, 66%. KIV, 49%; L-HIV, 54%; and D-HIV, 46%, had comparable efficacy values for the rat. Efficacy values of the isomers of Leu and (alpha)-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HIC) and (alpha)-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) for the rat were: D-Leu, 48%; KIC, 56%; L-HIC, 58%; and D-HIC, 41%.","abstract_html":"Chick and rat bioassays were conducted to establish quantitative efficacy values (slope-ratio procedure) for the D-isomer, the (alpha)-keto analog and the D- and L-(alpha)-hydroxy analogs of phenylalanine (Phe), leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val). D-Phe was well utilized by both chicks (75%) and rats (68%). L-phenyllactic acid (L-PLA) had an efficacy value of 67% for chicks and 46% for rats. D-PLA had no growth-promoting activity for either chicks or rats. KMV, (alpha)-keto-(beta)-L-methylvaleric acid (60%, chicks; 38%, rats) was markedly inferior to L-(alpha)-hydroxymethylvaleric acid, L-HMV (84%, chicks; 65%, rats), as a source of dietary Ile for both chicks and rats. D-HMV had no growth-promoting activity for either chicks or rats. D-Val was well utilized by chicks (72%) but had only marginal Val bioactivity for rats (16%). Efficacy values of the isomers of (alpha)-hydroxyisovaleric acid (HIV) for the chick were: L-HIV, 82% and D-HIV, 66%. KIV, 49%; L-HIV, 54%; and D-HIV, 46%, had comparable efficacy values for the rat. Efficacy values of the isomers of Leu and (alpha)-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HIC) and (alpha)-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) for the rat were: D-Leu, 48%; KIC, 56%; L-HIC, 58%; and D-HIC, 41%.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Boebel, Katherine Pigg"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Animal Science","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-12-15T21:00:40Z","date_published":"2014-12-15T21:00:40Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:02Z","subjects":["Health Sciences, Nutrition"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["(UMI)AAI8218433"],"render_values":[{"text":"(UMI)AAI8218433","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/69993","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Boebel, Katherine Pigg"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2014-12-15T21:00:40Z","10000-01-01","1982"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Animal Science"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Health Sciences, Nutrition"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/69993","(UMI)AAI8218433"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Chick and rat bioassays were conducted to establish quantitative efficacy values (slope-ratio procedure) for the D-isomer, the (alpha)-keto analog and the D- and L-(alpha)-hydroxy analogs of phenylalanine (Phe), leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val). D-Phe was well utilized by both chicks (75%) and rats (68%). L-phenyllactic acid (L-PLA) had an efficacy value of 67% for chicks and 46% for rats. D-PLA had no growth-promoting activity for either chicks or rats. KMV, (alpha)-keto-(beta)-L-methylvaleric acid (60%, chicks; 38%, rats) was markedly inferior to L-(alpha)-hydroxymethylvaleric acid, L-HMV (84%, chicks; 65%, rats), as a source of dietary Ile for both chicks and rats. D-HMV had no growth-promoting activity for either chicks or rats. D-Val was well utilized by chicks (72%) but had only marginal Val bioactivity for rats (16%). Efficacy values of the isomers of (alpha)-hydroxyisovaleric acid (HIV) for the chick were: L-HIV, 82% and D-HIV, 66%. KIV, 49%; L-HIV, 54%; and D-HIV, 46%, had comparable efficacy values for the rat. Efficacy values of the isomers of Leu and (alpha)-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HIC) and (alpha)-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) for the rat were: D-Leu, 48%; KIC, 56%; L-HIC, 58%; and D-HIC, 41%.","Four chick bioassays were conducted to assess the efficacy of DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyrate in both the calcium salt (OH-M) and free-acid (OH-MFA) forms, and a freeze-dried preparation of OH-methionine free acid polymers (OH-MFAP) relative to DL-methionine (DL-M). Whether fed as a source methionine in a chemically defined diet (CD) or a semipurified feather meal diet (FM), all analog forms were inferior to DL-M in growth-promoting capacity. Efficacy values were: OH-M, 87% (CD), 84% (FM); OH-MFA, 78% (CD), 77% (FM); and OH-MFAP, 69% (CD), 54% (FM).","Additional chick growth assays were used to evaluate the efficacy of poly-L-methionine, DL/LD methionylmethionine and DD/LL methionylmethionine. The polypeptide possessed no bioefficacy. The DL/LD dipeptide exhibited growth-promoting ability equal to that of DL-methionine itself.","Glutathione (GSH) administered orally was found fully capable of providing bioavailable cysteine activity for chick growth. Whole-blood GSH was unresponsive, but liver GSH increased as dietary cysteine increased from a deficient level to the required level in the diet. Excess levels of dietary cysteine elicited no further increase in hepatic GSH. Plasma cystine concentration increased markedly and in a linear fashion while plasma cysteine increased only modestly as dietary cysteine level increased.","Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-15T21:00:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 8218433.pdf: 3604529 bytes, checksum: be615c43f0a5bc69e5087111653be2dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 1982","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 70159 Lift date: Forever Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","U of I Only","109 p.","Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1982."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Peptides and Nitrogen-Free Analogs as Substitutes for Dietary Amino Acids: Significance in the Nutriture of Chicks and Rats"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Boebel, Katherine Pigg"],"dc:date":["2014-12-15T21:00:40Z","10000-01-01","1982"],"dc:description":["Chick and rat bioassays were conducted to establish quantitative efficacy values (slope-ratio procedure) for the D-isomer, the (alpha)-keto analog and the D- and L-(alpha)-hydroxy analogs of phenylalanine (Phe), leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val). D-Phe was well utilized by both chicks (75%) and rats (68%). L-phenyllactic acid (L-PLA) had an efficacy value of 67% for chicks and 46% for rats. D-PLA had no growth-promoting activity for either chicks or rats. KMV, (alpha)-keto-(beta)-L-methylvaleric acid (60%, chicks; 38%, rats) was markedly inferior to L-(alpha)-hydroxymethylvaleric acid, L-HMV (84%, chicks; 65%, rats), as a source of dietary Ile for both chicks and rats. D-HMV had no growth-promoting activity for either chicks or rats. D-Val was well utilized by chicks (72%) but had only marginal Val bioactivity for rats (16%). Efficacy values of the isomers of (alpha)-hydroxyisovaleric acid (HIV) for the chick were: L-HIV, 82% and D-HIV, 66%. KIV, 49%; L-HIV, 54%; and D-HIV, 46%, had comparable efficacy values for the rat. Efficacy values of the isomers of Leu and (alpha)-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HIC) and (alpha)-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) for the rat were: D-Leu, 48%; KIC, 56%; L-HIC, 58%; and D-HIC, 41%.","Four chick bioassays were conducted to assess the efficacy of DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyrate in both the calcium salt (OH-M) and free-acid (OH-MFA) forms, and a freeze-dried preparation of OH-methionine free acid polymers (OH-MFAP) relative to DL-methionine (DL-M). Whether fed as a source methionine in a chemically defined diet (CD) or a semipurified feather meal diet (FM), all analog forms were inferior to DL-M in growth-promoting capacity. Efficacy values were: OH-M, 87% (CD), 84% (FM); OH-MFA, 78% (CD), 77% (FM); and OH-MFAP, 69% (CD), 54% (FM).","Additional chick growth assays were used to evaluate the efficacy of poly-L-methionine, DL/LD methionylmethionine and DD/LL methionylmethionine. The polypeptide possessed no bioefficacy. The DL/LD dipeptide exhibited growth-promoting ability equal to that of DL-methionine itself.","Glutathione (GSH) administered orally was found fully capable of providing bioavailable cysteine activity for chick growth. Whole-blood GSH was unresponsive, but liver GSH increased as dietary cysteine increased from a deficient level to the required level in the diet. Excess levels of dietary cysteine elicited no further increase in hepatic GSH. Plasma cystine concentration increased markedly and in a linear fashion while plasma cysteine increased only modestly as dietary cysteine level increased.","Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-15T21:00:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 8218433.pdf: 3604529 bytes, checksum: be615c43f0a5bc69e5087111653be2dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 1982","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 70159 Lift date: Forever Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","U of I Only","109 p.","Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1982."],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/69993","(UMI)AAI8218433"],"dc:subject":["Health Sciences, Nutrition"],"dc:title":["Peptides and Nitrogen-Free Analogs as Substitutes for Dietary Amino Acids: Significance in the Nutriture of Chicks and Rats"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Animal Science"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:02Z"}