{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/69082"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/69082","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"The Writing of Anglo and Hispanic Fourth and Sixth Graders in Regular, Submersion, and Bilingual Programs","abstract":"The primary purpose of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to describe and rate the writing of Hispanic students in a bilingual program and to compare their writing with that of Hispanic students in a submersion program and with native English speakers in a regular program. The secondary purpose was to investigate the effect that selected mediating variables had on the writing proficiency of native Spanish speakers after the effects of crucial background variables had been accounted for.","abstract_html":"The primary purpose of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to describe and rate the writing of Hispanic students in a bilingual program and to compare their writing with that of Hispanic students in a submersion program and with native English speakers in a regular program. The secondary purpose was to investigate the effect that selected mediating variables had on the writing proficiency of native Spanish speakers after the effects of crucial background variables had been accounted for.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Carlisle, Robert Stephen"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Education","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-12-15T18:51:09Z","date_published":"2014-12-15T18:51:09Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:00Z","subjects":["Education, Language and Literature"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["(UMI)AAI8701449"],"render_values":[{"text":"(UMI)AAI8701449","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/69082","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Carlisle, Robert Stephen"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2014-12-15T18:51:09Z","10000-01-01","1986"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Education"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Education, Language and Literature"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/69082","(UMI)AAI8701449"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["The primary purpose of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to describe and rate the writing of Hispanic students in a bilingual program and to compare their writing with that of Hispanic students in a submersion program and with native English speakers in a regular program. The secondary purpose was to investigate the effect that selected mediating variables had on the writing proficiency of native Spanish speakers after the effects of crucial background variables had been accounted for.","The study had two independent variables: grade and program; five dependent variables: rhetorical effectiveness, overall quality of writing, productivity, syntactic maturity, and error frequency; three background variables: economic class, amount of reading material in the home, and the amount of English used in the home; and three mediating variables: rhetorical effectiveness in Spanish, overall quality of writing in Spanish, and reading achievement in English. Sixty-two subjects participated in the study.","Analyses of variance revealed that the sixth graders had significantly higher scores than did the fourth graders on rhetorical effectiveness, overall quality of writing, productivity, and syntactic maturity; no difference obtained between the two grades on error frequency. The students in the regular program had significantly higher scores on rhetorical effectiveness and overall quality of writing than did the submersion program students and the bilingual program students; they also had significantly higher scores on error frequency than did the bilingual program students. The bilingual program students had significantly higher scores on syntactic maturity and productivity than did the submersion program students; no other significant contrasts obtained among the three groups. However, because the submersion program students had significantly higher mean scores on the background variables than did the bilingual program students, an ANCOVA was calculated that equated the two groups of Spanish speakers on those variables. The results of the ANCOVA revealed that the bilingual program students had significantly higher scores than did the submersion program students not only on productivity and syntactic maturity, but also on rhetorical effectiveness. Finally, a multiple regression analysis revealed that rhetorical effectiveness in Spanish was a significant predictor of rhetorical effectiveness in English.","Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-15T18:51:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 8701449.pdf: 13166065 bytes, checksum: c9db54510d745cd26cffbd600210f393 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1986","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 69248 Lift date: Forever Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","U of I Only","347 p.","Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1986."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Writing of Anglo and Hispanic Fourth and Sixth Graders in Regular, Submersion, and Bilingual Programs"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Carlisle, Robert Stephen"],"dc:date":["2014-12-15T18:51:09Z","10000-01-01","1986"],"dc:description":["The primary purpose of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to describe and rate the writing of Hispanic students in a bilingual program and to compare their writing with that of Hispanic students in a submersion program and with native English speakers in a regular program. The secondary purpose was to investigate the effect that selected mediating variables had on the writing proficiency of native Spanish speakers after the effects of crucial background variables had been accounted for.","The study had two independent variables: grade and program; five dependent variables: rhetorical effectiveness, overall quality of writing, productivity, syntactic maturity, and error frequency; three background variables: economic class, amount of reading material in the home, and the amount of English used in the home; and three mediating variables: rhetorical effectiveness in Spanish, overall quality of writing in Spanish, and reading achievement in English. Sixty-two subjects participated in the study.","Analyses of variance revealed that the sixth graders had significantly higher scores than did the fourth graders on rhetorical effectiveness, overall quality of writing, productivity, and syntactic maturity; no difference obtained between the two grades on error frequency. The students in the regular program had significantly higher scores on rhetorical effectiveness and overall quality of writing than did the submersion program students and the bilingual program students; they also had significantly higher scores on error frequency than did the bilingual program students. The bilingual program students had significantly higher scores on syntactic maturity and productivity than did the submersion program students; no other significant contrasts obtained among the three groups. However, because the submersion program students had significantly higher mean scores on the background variables than did the bilingual program students, an ANCOVA was calculated that equated the two groups of Spanish speakers on those variables. The results of the ANCOVA revealed that the bilingual program students had significantly higher scores than did the submersion program students not only on productivity and syntactic maturity, but also on rhetorical effectiveness. Finally, a multiple regression analysis revealed that rhetorical effectiveness in Spanish was a significant predictor of rhetorical effectiveness in English.","Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-15T18:51:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 8701449.pdf: 13166065 bytes, checksum: c9db54510d745cd26cffbd600210f393 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1986","Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 69248 Lift date: Forever Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs","U of I Only","347 p.","Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1986."],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/69082","(UMI)AAI8701449"],"dc:subject":["Education, Language and Literature"],"dc:title":["The Writing of Anglo and Hispanic Fourth and Sixth Graders in Regular, Submersion, and Bilingual Programs"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Education"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:00Z"}