{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/69074"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/69074","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Looking Patterns of Mothers With Handicapped and Nonhandicapped Babies in Play and Instructional Interactions (Parent/infant Interaction, Maternal Gaze)","abstract":"The primary purposes of this study were to compare the patterns of gaze used by mothers with their handicapped and nonhandicapped babies in two different situations at two different developmental ages. Maternal gaze patterns were also compared in relationship to gender differences of the babies. Four groups of dyads which were part of a larger longitudinal study formed the sample, a group with handicapped and a group with nonhandicapped infants at each of two developmental ages (5 to 9 months/11 to 16 months), with eight in each group (four girls and four boys). Each dyad was videotaped in a toy play, no instruction, and a toy play, instruction situation, within a week of each six-month birthday. Each videotaped situation was coded continuously for three consecutive minutes, with behavioral categories being: look at partner's face, look at the toy, look away from the interaction, and "other". Frequency, mean duration, and total duration were calculated separately for each direction of maternal gaze coded in each group and situation. A five-way (2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3) split-plot analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for each of the three measures (frequency, mean duration, and duration) separately. Results indicated that mother's looks at the toy and the baby's face accounted for most of the proportion of time spent looking in each of the three directions. The variables of group, gender, developmental age, and situation differentially affected the frequency and mean duration of looks within these total proportions. The discussion of results includes a comparison of looking patterns for mothers with babies matched for developmental age with previous findings for mothers with babies matched for chronological age, as well as a discussion of the relationship of maternal gaze patterns to their babies' gaze patterns. Implications for intervention and further research are also discussed.","abstract_html":"The primary purposes of this study were to compare the patterns of gaze used by mothers with their handicapped and nonhandicapped babies in two different situations at two different developmental ages. Maternal gaze patterns were also compared in relationship to gender differences of the babies. Four groups of dyads which were part of a larger longitudinal study formed the sample, a group with handicapped and a group with nonhandicapped infants at each of two developmental ages (5 to 9 months/11 to 16 months), with eight in each group (four girls and four boys). Each dyad was videotaped in a toy play, no instruction, and a toy play, instruction situation, within a week of each six-month birthday. Each videotaped situation was coded continuously for three consecutive minutes, with behavioral categories being: look at partner's face, look at the toy, look away from the interaction, and "other". Frequency, mean duration, and total duration were calculated separately for each direction of maternal gaze coded in each group and situation. A five-way (2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3) split-plot analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for each of the three measures (frequency, mean duration, and duration) separately. Results indicated that mother's looks at the toy and the baby's face accounted for most of the proportion of time spent looking in each of the three directions. The variables of group, gender, developmental age, and situation differentially affected the frequency and mean duration of looks within these total proportions. The discussion of results includes a comparison of looking patterns for mothers with babies matched for developmental age with previous findings for mothers with babies matched for chronological age, as well as a discussion of the relationship of maternal gaze patterns to their babies' gaze patterns. Implications for intervention and further research are also discussed.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Stayton, Vicki Diane"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Education","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-12-15T18:51:04Z","date_published":"2014-12-15T18:51:04Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:26:00Z","subjects":["Education, Special"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["(UMI)AAI8623420"],"render_values":[{"text":"(UMI)AAI8623420","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/69074","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Stayton, Vicki Diane"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2014-12-15T18:51:04Z","10000-01-01","1986"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Education"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Education, Special"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/69074","(UMI)AAI8623420"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["The primary purposes of this study were to compare the patterns of gaze used by mothers with their handicapped and nonhandicapped babies in two different situations at two different developmental ages. Maternal gaze patterns were also compared in relationship to gender differences of the babies. Four groups of dyads which were part of a larger longitudinal study formed the sample, a group with handicapped and a group with nonhandicapped infants at each of two developmental ages (5 to 9 months/11 to 16 months), with eight in each group (four girls and four boys). Each dyad was videotaped in a toy play, no instruction, and a toy play, instruction situation, within a week of each six-month birthday. Each videotaped situation was coded continuously for three consecutive minutes, with behavioral categories being: look at partner's face, look at the toy, look away from the interaction, and "other". Frequency, mean duration, and total duration were calculated separately for each direction of maternal gaze coded in each group and situation. A five-way (2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3) split-plot analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for each of the three measures (frequency, mean duration, and duration) separately. Results indicated that mother's looks at the toy and the baby's face accounted for most of the proportion of time spent looking in each of the three directions. The variables of group, gender, developmental age, and situation differentially affected the frequency and mean duration of looks within these total proportions. The discussion of results includes a comparison of looking patterns for mothers with babies matched for developmental age with previous findings for mothers with babies matched for chronological age, as well as a discussion of the relationship of maternal gaze patterns to their babies' gaze patterns. Implications for intervention and further research are also discussed.","Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-15T18:51:04Z (GMT). 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Maternal gaze patterns were also compared in relationship to gender differences of the babies. Four groups of dyads which were part of a larger longitudinal study formed the sample, a group with handicapped and a group with nonhandicapped infants at each of two developmental ages (5 to 9 months/11 to 16 months), with eight in each group (four girls and four boys). Each dyad was videotaped in a toy play, no instruction, and a toy play, instruction situation, within a week of each six-month birthday. Each videotaped situation was coded continuously for three consecutive minutes, with behavioral categories being: look at partner's face, look at the toy, look away from the interaction, and "other". Frequency, mean duration, and total duration were calculated separately for each direction of maternal gaze coded in each group and situation. A five-way (2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3) split-plot analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for each of the three measures (frequency, mean duration, and duration) separately. Results indicated that mother's looks at the toy and the baby's face accounted for most of the proportion of time spent looking in each of the three directions. The variables of group, gender, developmental age, and situation differentially affected the frequency and mean duration of looks within these total proportions. The discussion of results includes a comparison of looking patterns for mothers with babies matched for developmental age with previous findings for mothers with babies matched for chronological age, as well as a discussion of the relationship of maternal gaze patterns to their babies' gaze patterns. Implications for intervention and further research are also discussed.","Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-15T18:51:04Z (GMT). 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