{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/46714"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/46714","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Using x-parameters for signal integrity applications","abstract":"X-parameters, the nonlinear extension of scattering parameters, have been shown to have a wide array of applications in the modeling of nonlinear devices and systems. In this dissertation, the use of X-parameters is extended to signal integrity applications, particularly to the modeling of input/output buffers. These input/output buffers are the nonlinear terminations of the high-speed links that the signal integrity engineer is tasked with designing and optimizing. Brief treatments of the X-parameter formalism, the harmonic balance simulation method, the latency insertion method, and the Input/Output Buffer Information Specification (IBIS) are provided as background information along with some examples of how X-parameters are generated via simulation and measurement and used in simulation. Two processes for using X-parameters for signal integrity purposes, lim2x and x2ibis, are described and analyzed in detail. The process lim2x uses the latency insertion method to perform a transient simulation of a given circuit with specific port stimuli and terminations. It then uses Fourier analysis to extract X-parameters from the simulation results. This process leverages the linear numerical complexity of the latency insertion method to provide a viable X-parameter generation platform that is well-suited for very large, high-frequency circuits, particularly those which are seen in input/output buffers. The lim2x process is demonstrated on a simple buffer circuit. The X-parameters generated from it are compared to those generated with harmonic balance and are shown to be in excellent agreement. IBIS models are the current standard for modeling input/output buffer circuits. The process x2ibis uses X-parameter models to generate the current-voltage and voltage-time tables used in an IBIS file. This process shows that properly generated X-parameter models contain the information needed to describe the behavior of an input/output buffer. Results are compared with those of another method of IBIS model generation.","abstract_html":"X-parameters, the nonlinear extension of scattering parameters, have been shown to have a wide array of applications in the modeling of nonlinear devices and systems. In this dissertation, the use of X-parameters is extended to signal integrity applications, particularly to the modeling of input/output buffers. These input/output buffers are the nonlinear terminations of the high-speed links that the signal integrity engineer is tasked with designing and optimizing. Brief treatments of the X-parameter formalism, the harmonic balance simulation method, the latency insertion method, and the Input/Output Buffer Information Specification (IBIS) are provided as background information along with some examples of how X-parameters are generated via simulation and measurement and used in simulation. Two processes for using X-parameters for signal integrity purposes, lim2x and x2ibis, are described and analyzed in detail. The process lim2x uses the latency insertion method to perform a transient simulation of a given circuit with specific port stimuli and terminations. It then uses Fourier analysis to extract X-parameters from the simulation results. This process leverages the linear numerical complexity of the latency insertion method to provide a viable X-parameter generation platform that is well-suited for very large, high-frequency circuits, particularly those which are seen in input/output buffers. The lim2x process is demonstrated on a simple buffer circuit. The X-parameters generated from it are compared to those generated with harmonic balance and are shown to be in excellent agreement. IBIS models are the current standard for modeling input/output buffer circuits. The process x2ibis uses X-parameter models to generate the current-voltage and voltage-time tables used in an IBIS file. This process shows that properly generated X-parameter models contain the information needed to describe the behavior of an input/output buffer. Results are compared with those of another method of IBIS model generation.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Comberiate, Thomas M."],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Electrical & Computer Engr","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Schutt-Ainé, José E.","Bernhard, Jennifer T.","Cangellaris, Andreas C.","Franke, Steven J."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-01-16T18:00:03Z","date_published":"2014-01-16T18:00:03Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:36Z","subjects":["X-parameters","signal integrity","Latency insertion method (LIM)","high-speed link","nonlinear vector network analyzer"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2013 Thomas Matthew Comberiate"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/46714","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Schutt-Ainé, José E.","Bernhard, Jennifer T.","Cangellaris, Andreas C.","Franke, Steven J."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Comberiate, Thomas M."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2014-01-16T18:00:03Z","2013-12"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Electrical & Computer Engr"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["X-parameters","signal integrity","Latency insertion method (LIM)","high-speed link","nonlinear vector network analyzer"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2013 Thomas Matthew Comberiate"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/46714"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["X-parameters, the nonlinear extension of scattering parameters, have been shown to have a wide array of applications in the modeling of nonlinear devices and systems. In this dissertation, the use of X-parameters is extended to signal integrity applications, particularly to the modeling of input/output buffers. These input/output buffers are the nonlinear terminations of the high-speed links that the signal integrity engineer is tasked with designing and optimizing. Brief treatments of the X-parameter formalism, the harmonic balance simulation method, the latency insertion method, and the Input/Output Buffer Information Specification (IBIS) are provided as background information along with some examples of how X-parameters are generated via simulation and measurement and used in simulation. Two processes for using X-parameters for signal integrity purposes, lim2x and x2ibis, are described and analyzed in detail. The process lim2x uses the latency insertion method to perform a transient simulation of a given circuit with specific port stimuli and terminations. It then uses Fourier analysis to extract X-parameters from the simulation results. This process leverages the linear numerical complexity of the latency insertion method to provide a viable X-parameter generation platform that is well-suited for very large, high-frequency circuits, particularly those which are seen in input/output buffers. The lim2x process is demonstrated on a simple buffer circuit. The X-parameters generated from it are compared to those generated with harmonic balance and are shown to be in excellent agreement. IBIS models are the current standard for modeling input/output buffer circuits. The process x2ibis uses X-parameter models to generate the current-voltage and voltage-time tables used in an IBIS file. This process shows that properly generated X-parameter models contain the information needed to describe the behavior of an input/output buffer. Results are compared with those of another method of IBIS model generation.","Item withdrawn by Laura Spradlin (lspradl2@illinois.edu) on 2013-11-20T20:33:04Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1) No. of bitstreams: 2 Comberiate_Thomas.tex: 186718 bytes, checksum: 74d490999218a4c1c2e9b1ba502777e6 (MD5) Comberiate_Thomas.pdf: 11926983 bytes, checksum: e8ab0f8a08106887d8823e8f5f868cbd (MD5)","Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-16T18:00:03Z (GMT). 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This process leverages the linear numerical complexity of the latency insertion method to provide a viable X-parameter generation platform that is well-suited for very large, high-frequency circuits, particularly those which are seen in input/output buffers. The lim2x process is demonstrated on a simple buffer circuit. The X-parameters generated from it are compared to those generated with harmonic balance and are shown to be in excellent agreement. IBIS models are the current standard for modeling input/output buffer circuits. The process x2ibis uses X-parameter models to generate the current-voltage and voltage-time tables used in an IBIS file. This process shows that properly generated X-parameter models contain the information needed to describe the behavior of an input/output buffer. 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