{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/44795"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/44795","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Selective attention under different pressure sources and perceptual loads","abstract":"\"Using a flanker task, this study investigated how selective attention under different perceptual loads is affected by pressure. The first three experiments examined the pressure effects on selective attention of non-emotional stimuli using letters, and the fourth experiment investigated emotional stimuli using emoticons. In Experiment 1, using a \"\"fixational\"\" flanker task and perceptual load manipulation, we found that under pressure, flanker effect was increased under high load for the outcome pressure group. In Experiment 2, we moved the \"\"fixational\"\" flanker in Experiment 1 to the periphery to see whether distractor location matters. And we replicated the pressure effects for the outcome pressure group. In Experiment 3, we investigated how distractor relevance would interact with the pressure effects by introducing an attentional capture task to Experiment 2’s design. We replicated the findings for the flanker effect in Experiment 2, and also found that distraction from task-irrelevant stimuli was not affected by outcome pressure. Experiment 4 used emotional stimuli (i.e. sad emoticons versus happy emoticons) and we did not find any pressure effects either in the flanker interference effect or in the attentional capture effect. We conclude that high outcome pressure disrupted cognitive control for non-emotional task-relevant stimuli such as letters, but did not affect emotional stimuli.\"","abstract_html":""Using a flanker task, this study investigated how selective attention under different perceptual loads is affected by pressure. The first three experiments examined the pressure effects on selective attention of non-emotional stimuli using letters, and the fourth experiment investigated emotional stimuli using emoticons. In Experiment 1, using a ""fixational"" flanker task and perceptual load manipulation, we found that under pressure, flanker effect was increased under high load for the outcome pressure group. In Experiment 2, we moved the ""fixational"" flanker in Experiment 1 to the periphery to see whether distractor location matters. And we replicated the pressure effects for the outcome pressure group. In Experiment 3, we investigated how distractor relevance would interact with the pressure effects by introducing an attentional capture task to Experiment 2’s design. We replicated the findings for the flanker effect in Experiment 2, and also found that distraction from task-irrelevant stimuli was not affected by outcome pressure. Experiment 4 used emotional stimuli (i.e. sad emoticons versus happy emoticons) and we did not find any pressure effects either in the flanker interference effect or in the attentional capture effect. We conclude that high outcome pressure disrupted cognitive control for non-emotional task-relevant stimuli such as letters, but did not affect emotional stimuli."","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Chu, Hengqing"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Lleras, Alejandro","Beck, Diane M.","Berenbaum, Howard","McCarley, Jason S.","Kramer, Arthur F."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2013,"date_issued":"2013-05-28T19:20:13Z","date_published":"2013-05-28T19:20:13Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:34Z","subjects":["Selective Attention","Pressure","perceptual load"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2013 Hengqing Chu"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44795","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Lleras, Alejandro","Beck, Diane M.","Berenbaum, Howard","McCarley, Jason S.","Kramer, Arthur F."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Chu, Hengqing"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2013-05-28T19:20:13Z","2015-05-28T10:01:32Z","2013-05"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Selective Attention","Pressure","perceptual load"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2013 Hengqing Chu"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44795"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["\"Using a flanker task, this study investigated how selective attention under different perceptual loads is affected by pressure. The first three experiments examined the pressure effects on selective attention of non-emotional stimuli using letters, and the fourth experiment investigated emotional stimuli using emoticons. In Experiment 1, using a \"\"fixational\"\" flanker task and perceptual load manipulation, we found that under pressure, flanker effect was increased under high load for the outcome pressure group. In Experiment 2, we moved the \"\"fixational\"\" flanker in Experiment 1 to the periphery to see whether distractor location matters. And we replicated the pressure effects for the outcome pressure group. In Experiment 3, we investigated how distractor relevance would interact with the pressure effects by introducing an attentional capture task to Experiment 2’s design. We replicated the findings for the flanker effect in Experiment 2, and also found that distraction from task-irrelevant stimuli was not affected by outcome pressure. Experiment 4 used emotional stimuli (i.e. sad emoticons versus happy emoticons) and we did not find any pressure effects either in the flanker interference effect or in the attentional capture effect. We conclude that high outcome pressure disrupted cognitive control for non-emotional task-relevant stimuli such as letters, but did not affect emotional stimuli.\"","Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf (zulauf@illinois.edu) on 2013-04-08T18:50:44Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1) No. of bitstreams: 1 Chu_Hengqing.pdf: 939955 bytes, checksum: cbbcf791c97dc0be2eb1503aebb95420 (MD5)","Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-28T19:20:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Hengqing_Chu.pdf: 951925 bytes, checksum: 204acc616669959cde1016c20edf78f8 (MD5) license.txt: 4059 bytes, checksum: 15216f16dfd5a72a902fb2422c712769 (MD5)","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:17:07-05:00 Original Data Group with Access Administrator Release Date: 2015-05-28 14:21:22 UTC Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Item marked as restricted to the 'Administrator' Group (id=1) by Seth Robbins (srobbins@illinois.edu) on 2013-05-28T19:21:56Z Item is restricted until 2015-05-28T19:21:22Z","Limited Restriction Lifted for Item 44770 on 2015-05-28T10:01:32Z."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Selective attention under different pressure sources and perceptual loads"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Lleras, Alejandro","Beck, Diane M.","Berenbaum, Howard","McCarley, Jason S.","Kramer, Arthur F."],"dc:creator":["Chu, Hengqing"],"dc:date":["2013-05-28T19:20:13Z","2015-05-28T10:01:32Z","2013-05"],"dc:description":["\"Using a flanker task, this study investigated how selective attention under different perceptual loads is affected by pressure. The first three experiments examined the pressure effects on selective attention of non-emotional stimuli using letters, and the fourth experiment investigated emotional stimuli using emoticons. In Experiment 1, using a \"\"fixational\"\" flanker task and perceptual load manipulation, we found that under pressure, flanker effect was increased under high load for the outcome pressure group. In Experiment 2, we moved the \"\"fixational\"\" flanker in Experiment 1 to the periphery to see whether distractor location matters. And we replicated the pressure effects for the outcome pressure group. In Experiment 3, we investigated how distractor relevance would interact with the pressure effects by introducing an attentional capture task to Experiment 2’s design. We replicated the findings for the flanker effect in Experiment 2, and also found that distraction from task-irrelevant stimuli was not affected by outcome pressure. Experiment 4 used emotional stimuli (i.e. sad emoticons versus happy emoticons) and we did not find any pressure effects either in the flanker interference effect or in the attentional capture effect. We conclude that high outcome pressure disrupted cognitive control for non-emotional task-relevant stimuli such as letters, but did not affect emotional stimuli.\"","Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf (zulauf@illinois.edu) on 2013-04-08T18:50:44Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1) No. of bitstreams: 1 Chu_Hengqing.pdf: 939955 bytes, checksum: cbbcf791c97dc0be2eb1503aebb95420 (MD5)","Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-28T19:20:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Hengqing_Chu.pdf: 951925 bytes, checksum: 204acc616669959cde1016c20edf78f8 (MD5) license.txt: 4059 bytes, checksum: 15216f16dfd5a72a902fb2422c712769 (MD5)","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:17:07-05:00 Original Data Group with Access Administrator Release Date: 2015-05-28 14:21:22 UTC Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD system","Item marked as restricted to the 'Administrator' Group (id=1) by Seth Robbins (srobbins@illinois.edu) on 2013-05-28T19:21:56Z Item is restricted until 2015-05-28T19:21:22Z","Limited Restriction Lifted for Item 44770 on 2015-05-28T10:01:32Z."],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44795"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2013 Hengqing Chu"],"dc:subject":["Selective Attention","Pressure","perceptual load"],"dc:title":["Selective attention under different pressure sources and perceptual loads"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:34Z"}