{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/30728"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/30728","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Piezoelectric response of bone and tendon subjected to inhomogeneous stress","abstract":"Bone and tendon are piezoelectric materials. When they are homogeneously stressed, they obey the classical or standard theory of piezoelectricity. However, this thesis shows that when bone and tendon are subjected to in-homogeneous stress, as in cantilever bending, they do not obey the classical piezoelectric theory, although the piezoelectric minerals quartz and tourmaline do. This thesis shows that an adequate, extended theory of piezoelectricity can be developed by including in addition to the usual independent variable, stress, a new independent variable, the gradient of stress. The extended theory includes the classical, piezoelectric theory as a special case. To test the predictions of the extended theory in cantilever bending, a new, null-balancing circuit was developed. This circuit detects piezoelectric voltages directly by obviating the difficulties caused by shunt capacitance between lead wires to the piezoelectric sample. Using this circuit, the magnitude of the piezoelectric voltage from the convex to the concave surface of a cantilever-bent bar (approximately 2 mm thick and 1 cm wide) of tendon or bone was measured to be in the order of 1 volt when the free end of the sample is depressed by the weight of 100 gms. This voltage is about 100 times larger than previously reported values. Our measurements also confirm the predictions of the extended theory of piezoelectricity for samples in cantilever bending. In addition, this thesis develops the predictions of the extended theory of piezoelectricity for samples subjected to pure bending.","abstract_html":"Bone and tendon are piezoelectric materials. When they are homogeneously stressed, they obey the classical or standard theory of piezoelectricity. However, this thesis shows that when bone and tendon are subjected to in-homogeneous stress, as in cantilever bending, they do not obey the classical piezoelectric theory, although the piezoelectric minerals quartz and tourmaline do. This thesis shows that an adequate, extended theory of piezoelectricity can be developed by including in addition to the usual independent variable, stress, a new independent variable, the gradient of stress. The extended theory includes the classical, piezoelectric theory as a special case. To test the predictions of the extended theory in cantilever bending, a new, null-balancing circuit was developed. This circuit detects piezoelectric voltages directly by obviating the difficulties caused by shunt capacitance between lead wires to the piezoelectric sample. Using this circuit, the magnitude of the piezoelectric voltage from the convex to the concave surface of a cantilever-bent bar (approximately 2 mm thick and 1 cm wide) of tendon or bone was measured to be in the order of 1 volt when the free end of the sample is depressed by the weight of 100 gms. This voltage is about 100 times larger than previously reported values. Our measurements also confirm the predictions of the extended theory of piezoelectricity for samples in cantilever bending. In addition, this thesis develops the predictions of the extended theory of piezoelectricity for samples subjected to pure bending.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Breger, Lance Harris"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Physics","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Williams, W.S."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2012,"date_issued":"2012-04-22T17:11:13Z","date_published":"2012-04-22T17:11:13Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:29Z","subjects":["Piezoelectric responce","bone","tendon","inhomogeneous stress","piezoelectricity"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["©1974 Breger"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["2300214"],"render_values":[{"text":"2300214","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/30728","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Williams, W.S."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Breger, Lance Harris"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2012-04-22T17:11:13Z","10000-01-01","1974"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Dissertation / Thesis","text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Physics"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Piezoelectric responce","bone","tendon","inhomogeneous stress","piezoelectricity"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["©1974 Breger"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/30728","2300214"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Bone and tendon are piezoelectric materials. When they are homogeneously stressed, they obey the classical or standard theory of piezoelectricity. However, this thesis shows that when bone and tendon are subjected to in-homogeneous stress, as in cantilever bending, they do not obey the classical piezoelectric theory, although the piezoelectric minerals quartz and tourmaline do. This thesis shows that an adequate, extended theory of piezoelectricity can be developed by including in addition to the usual independent variable, stress, a new independent variable, the gradient of stress. The extended theory includes the classical, piezoelectric theory as a special case. To test the predictions of the extended theory in cantilever bending, a new, null-balancing circuit was developed. This circuit detects piezoelectric voltages directly by obviating the difficulties caused by shunt capacitance between lead wires to the piezoelectric sample. Using this circuit, the magnitude of the piezoelectric voltage from the convex to the concave surface of a cantilever-bent bar (approximately 2 mm thick and 1 cm wide) of tendon or bone was measured to be in the order of 1 volt when the free end of the sample is depressed by the weight of 100 gms. This voltage is about 100 times larger than previously reported values. Our measurements also confirm the predictions of the extended theory of piezoelectricity for samples in cantilever bending. In addition, this thesis develops the predictions of the extended theory of piezoelectricity for samples subjected to pure bending.","Submitted by William Weathers (weathrs2@illinois.edu) on 2012-04-22T17:11:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 1974_breger_v2.pdf: 5921625 bytes, checksum: b5f3240e40ec878e5d68b1e28c5c2e6e (MD5) 1974_breger_v1.pdf: 4968917 bytes, checksum: 6249c44281b2980bd19b1a1c34614e7c (MD5)","Made available in DSpace on 2012-04-22T17:11:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 1974_breger_v2.pdf: 5921625 bytes, checksum: b5f3240e40ec878e5d68b1e28c5c2e6e (MD5) 1974_breger_v1.pdf: 4968917 bytes, checksum: 6249c44281b2980bd19b1a1c34614e7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 1974","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by William Weathers (weathrs2@illinois.edu) on 2012-04-22T17:11:13Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:33:58-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: Thesis","Thesis","U of I Only"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Piezoelectric response of bone and tendon subjected to inhomogeneous stress"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Williams, W.S."],"dc:creator":["Breger, Lance Harris"],"dc:date":["2012-04-22T17:11:13Z","10000-01-01","1974"],"dc:description":["Bone and tendon are piezoelectric materials. When they are homogeneously stressed, they obey the classical or standard theory of piezoelectricity. However, this thesis shows that when bone and tendon are subjected to in-homogeneous stress, as in cantilever bending, they do not obey the classical piezoelectric theory, although the piezoelectric minerals quartz and tourmaline do. This thesis shows that an adequate, extended theory of piezoelectricity can be developed by including in addition to the usual independent variable, stress, a new independent variable, the gradient of stress. The extended theory includes the classical, piezoelectric theory as a special case. To test the predictions of the extended theory in cantilever bending, a new, null-balancing circuit was developed. This circuit detects piezoelectric voltages directly by obviating the difficulties caused by shunt capacitance between lead wires to the piezoelectric sample. Using this circuit, the magnitude of the piezoelectric voltage from the convex to the concave surface of a cantilever-bent bar (approximately 2 mm thick and 1 cm wide) of tendon or bone was measured to be in the order of 1 volt when the free end of the sample is depressed by the weight of 100 gms. This voltage is about 100 times larger than previously reported values. Our measurements also confirm the predictions of the extended theory of piezoelectricity for samples in cantilever bending. In addition, this thesis develops the predictions of the extended theory of piezoelectricity for samples subjected to pure bending.","Submitted by William Weathers (weathrs2@illinois.edu) on 2012-04-22T17:11:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 1974_breger_v2.pdf: 5921625 bytes, checksum: b5f3240e40ec878e5d68b1e28c5c2e6e (MD5) 1974_breger_v1.pdf: 4968917 bytes, checksum: 6249c44281b2980bd19b1a1c34614e7c (MD5)","Made available in DSpace on 2012-04-22T17:11:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 1974_breger_v2.pdf: 5921625 bytes, checksum: b5f3240e40ec878e5d68b1e28c5c2e6e (MD5) 1974_breger_v1.pdf: 4968917 bytes, checksum: 6249c44281b2980bd19b1a1c34614e7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 1974","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by William Weathers (weathrs2@illinois.edu) on 2012-04-22T17:11:13Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:33:58-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: Thesis","Thesis","U of I Only"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/30728","2300214"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["©1974 Breger"],"dc:subject":["Piezoelectric responce","bone","tendon","inhomogeneous stress","piezoelectricity"],"dc:title":["Piezoelectric response of bone and tendon subjected to inhomogeneous stress"],"dc:type":["Dissertation / Thesis","text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Physics"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:29Z"}