{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/26368"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/26368","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Microfluidic platforms for solid form screening of pharmaceutical parent compounds","abstract":"Solid form screening and selection of pharmaceutical parent compounds (PCs) has been identified as a critical step in the early stages of drug development. A significant fraction of candidate PCs are rejected on account of poor physicochemical properties that affect their biopharmaceutical attributes such as bioavailability, toxicity, and stability. As a result, there is a pressing need to characterize these physicochemical properties early in the drug development process by exploring (1) all possible solid forms of a PC, and (2) the conditions favorable for formulation of these solid forms. While automated robotic systems have been developed to execute high throughput screens, these robotic tools typically require larger quantities of PC for solid form screening (~ 5 mg of material per condition) than are typically available in the initial phases of the drug development pipeline. Microfluidics has the potential to screen PCs using significantly smaller quantities of materials (~5 μg per condition), thereby enabling high throughput screening for suitable solid forms at the crucial early stages of development when only limited amounts of PC (typically 10 mg) are available. Here, we present PDMS-based microfluidic platforms that allow combinatorial mixing of PC and counter ion solutions in arrays of 24-48 sub-microliter wells enabling solid form screening by different modes of crystallization, viz. diffusive mixing, antisolvent addition, and solvent evaporation. These platforms are compatible with a wide range of solvents typically used for pharmaceutical crystallization, suffer from minimal solvent loss (enabling long-term experiments), allow improved control over solvent evaporation, and enable portability between sample loading and analysis stations. Additionally, these platforms enable on-chip characterization of the solid forms by Raman spectroscopy, circumventing the need to manually harvest crystals. The platforms were validated with several model compounds namely, naproxen, ephedrine, indomethacin, caffeine, theophylline, and tamoxifen. The microfluidic platforms developed here find immediate application in the pharmaceutical industry, as they require cheap and readily available external peripherals, such as pipettes and a vacuum source for operation.","abstract_html":"Solid form screening and selection of pharmaceutical parent compounds (PCs) has been identified as a critical step in the early stages of drug development. A significant fraction of candidate PCs are rejected on account of poor physicochemical properties that affect their biopharmaceutical attributes such as bioavailability, toxicity, and stability. As a result, there is a pressing need to characterize these physicochemical properties early in the drug development process by exploring (1) all possible solid forms of a PC, and (2) the conditions favorable for formulation of these solid forms. While automated robotic systems have been developed to execute high throughput screens, these robotic tools typically require larger quantities of PC for solid form screening (~ 5 mg of material per condition) than are typically available in the initial phases of the drug development pipeline. Microfluidics has the potential to screen PCs using significantly smaller quantities of materials (~5 μg per condition), thereby enabling high throughput screening for suitable solid forms at the crucial early stages of development when only limited amounts of PC (typically 10 mg) are available. Here, we present PDMS-based microfluidic platforms that allow combinatorial mixing of PC and counter ion solutions in arrays of 24-48 sub-microliter wells enabling solid form screening by different modes of crystallization, viz. diffusive mixing, antisolvent addition, and solvent evaporation. These platforms are compatible with a wide range of solvents typically used for pharmaceutical crystallization, suffer from minimal solvent loss (enabling long-term experiments), allow improved control over solvent evaporation, and enable portability between sample loading and analysis stations. Additionally, these platforms enable on-chip characterization of the solid forms by Raman spectroscopy, circumventing the need to manually harvest crystals. The platforms were validated with several model compounds namely, naproxen, ephedrine, indomethacin, caffeine, theophylline, and tamoxifen. The microfluidic platforms developed here find immediate application in the pharmaceutical industry, as they require cheap and readily available external peripherals, such as pipettes and a vacuum source for operation.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Goyal, Sachit"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Chemical Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Kenis, Paul J.A."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-08-26T15:33:16Z","date_published":"2011-08-26T15:33:16Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:27Z","subjects":["Pharmaceutical crystallization","solid form screening","combinatorial screening","microfluidics","Raman spectroscopy"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2011 Sachit Goyal"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26368","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Kenis, Paul J.A."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Goyal, Sachit"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2011-08-26T15:33:16Z","2013-08-27T10:00:26Z","2011-08"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Chemical Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Pharmaceutical crystallization","solid form screening","combinatorial screening","microfluidics","Raman spectroscopy"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2011 Sachit Goyal"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26368"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Solid form screening and selection of pharmaceutical parent compounds (PCs) has been identified as a critical step in the early stages of drug development. A significant fraction of candidate PCs are rejected on account of poor physicochemical properties that affect their biopharmaceutical attributes such as bioavailability, toxicity, and stability. As a result, there is a pressing need to characterize these physicochemical properties early in the drug development process by exploring (1) all possible solid forms of a PC, and (2) the conditions favorable for formulation of these solid forms. While automated robotic systems have been developed to execute high throughput screens, these robotic tools typically require larger quantities of PC for solid form screening (~ 5 mg of material per condition) than are typically available in the initial phases of the drug development pipeline. Microfluidics has the potential to screen PCs using significantly smaller quantities of materials (~5 μg per condition), thereby enabling high throughput screening for suitable solid forms at the crucial early stages of development when only limited amounts of PC (typically 10 mg) are available. Here, we present PDMS-based microfluidic platforms that allow combinatorial mixing of PC and counter ion solutions in arrays of 24-48 sub-microliter wells enabling solid form screening by different modes of crystallization, viz. diffusive mixing, antisolvent addition, and solvent evaporation. These platforms are compatible with a wide range of solvents typically used for pharmaceutical crystallization, suffer from minimal solvent loss (enabling long-term experiments), allow improved control over solvent evaporation, and enable portability between sample loading and analysis stations. Additionally, these platforms enable on-chip characterization of the solid forms by Raman spectroscopy, circumventing the need to manually harvest crystals. The platforms were validated with several model compounds namely, naproxen, ephedrine, indomethacin, caffeine, theophylline, and tamoxifen. The microfluidic platforms developed here find immediate application in the pharmaceutical industry, as they require cheap and readily available external peripherals, such as pipettes and a vacuum source for operation.","Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf (zulauf@illinois.edu) on 2011-07-22T21:07:45Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1) No. of bitstreams: 1 Goyal_Sachit.pdf: 46130644 bytes, checksum: 775a5be95d9b149edd55dca8c9605c96 (MD5)","Made available in DSpace on 2011-08-26T15:33:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Goyal_Sachit.pdf: 46130708 bytes, checksum: f99830dd1146622004d2d660ce007940 (MD5) license.txt: 4060 bytes, checksum: 50043685194c6ef91aa67f66b955a9f8 (MD5)","Item marked as restricted to the 'Administrator' Group (id=1) by William Ingram (wingram2@illinois.edu) on 2011-08-26T15:35:32Z Item is restricted until 2013-08-26T15:35:26Z","Item reinstated by Sarah Shreeves (sshreeve@illinois.edu) on 2013-08-27T10:00:26Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Dissertations and Theses (ID: 204) Dissertations and Theses - Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ID: 591) No. of bitstreams: 2 Goyal_Sachit.pdf: 46130708 bytes, checksum: f99830dd1146622004d2d660ce007940 (MD5) license.txt: 4060 bytes, checksum: 50043685194c6ef91aa67f66b955a9f8 (MD5)","Item released from any restrictions by Sarah Shreeves (sshreeve@illinois.edu) on 2013-08-27T10:00:26Z"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Microfluidic platforms for solid form screening of pharmaceutical parent compounds"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Kenis, Paul J.A."],"dc:creator":["Goyal, Sachit"],"dc:date":["2011-08-26T15:33:16Z","2013-08-27T10:00:26Z","2011-08"],"dc:description":["Solid form screening and selection of pharmaceutical parent compounds (PCs) has been identified as a critical step in the early stages of drug development. A significant fraction of candidate PCs are rejected on account of poor physicochemical properties that affect their biopharmaceutical attributes such as bioavailability, toxicity, and stability. As a result, there is a pressing need to characterize these physicochemical properties early in the drug development process by exploring (1) all possible solid forms of a PC, and (2) the conditions favorable for formulation of these solid forms. While automated robotic systems have been developed to execute high throughput screens, these robotic tools typically require larger quantities of PC for solid form screening (~ 5 mg of material per condition) than are typically available in the initial phases of the drug development pipeline. Microfluidics has the potential to screen PCs using significantly smaller quantities of materials (~5 μg per condition), thereby enabling high throughput screening for suitable solid forms at the crucial early stages of development when only limited amounts of PC (typically 10 mg) are available. Here, we present PDMS-based microfluidic platforms that allow combinatorial mixing of PC and counter ion solutions in arrays of 24-48 sub-microliter wells enabling solid form screening by different modes of crystallization, viz. diffusive mixing, antisolvent addition, and solvent evaporation. These platforms are compatible with a wide range of solvents typically used for pharmaceutical crystallization, suffer from minimal solvent loss (enabling long-term experiments), allow improved control over solvent evaporation, and enable portability between sample loading and analysis stations. Additionally, these platforms enable on-chip characterization of the solid forms by Raman spectroscopy, circumventing the need to manually harvest crystals. The platforms were validated with several model compounds namely, naproxen, ephedrine, indomethacin, caffeine, theophylline, and tamoxifen. The microfluidic platforms developed here find immediate application in the pharmaceutical industry, as they require cheap and readily available external peripherals, such as pipettes and a vacuum source for operation.","Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf (zulauf@illinois.edu) on 2011-07-22T21:07:45Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1) No. of bitstreams: 1 Goyal_Sachit.pdf: 46130644 bytes, checksum: 775a5be95d9b149edd55dca8c9605c96 (MD5)","Made available in DSpace on 2011-08-26T15:33:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Goyal_Sachit.pdf: 46130708 bytes, checksum: f99830dd1146622004d2d660ce007940 (MD5) license.txt: 4060 bytes, checksum: 50043685194c6ef91aa67f66b955a9f8 (MD5)","Item marked as restricted to the 'Administrator' Group (id=1) by William Ingram (wingram2@illinois.edu) on 2011-08-26T15:35:32Z Item is restricted until 2013-08-26T15:35:26Z","Item reinstated by Sarah Shreeves (sshreeve@illinois.edu) on 2013-08-27T10:00:26Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Dissertations and Theses (ID: 204) Dissertations and Theses - Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ID: 591) No. of bitstreams: 2 Goyal_Sachit.pdf: 46130708 bytes, checksum: f99830dd1146622004d2d660ce007940 (MD5) license.txt: 4060 bytes, checksum: 50043685194c6ef91aa67f66b955a9f8 (MD5)","Item released from any restrictions by Sarah Shreeves (sshreeve@illinois.edu) on 2013-08-27T10:00:26Z"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26368"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2011 Sachit Goyal"],"dc:subject":["Pharmaceutical crystallization","solid form screening","combinatorial screening","microfluidics","Raman spectroscopy"],"dc:title":["Microfluidic platforms for solid form screening of pharmaceutical parent compounds"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Chemical Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:27Z"}