{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/24371"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/24371","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt mixtures incorporating reclaimed asphalt pavement","abstract":"Sustainability is a cornerstone of today’s engineering world. Warm mix asphalt (WMA) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) are the most prominent sustainable materials in asphalt concrete pavements. WMA is a not a new concept, however new innovations and increased usage of WMA has been spurred by the increased focus on sustainable infrastructure systems. WMA enables reduced production temperatures through the use of wax, water, or other chemical packages. The effects of reduced production temperatures include fuel use and emissions reductions, improved compaction, and possible RAP concentration increases. RAP is the primary recycled product of the aged asphalt concrete pavements and its use leads to reductions in virgin aggregate and asphalt demand. However, significant performance issues can stem from the individual integration of WMA or RAP materials in asphalt concrete. In particular, WMA technologies can increase moisture and rutting susceptibility while RAP significantly increases the stiffness of the resulting mixture. Consequently, quality performance of sustainable asphalt pavements may require the combined use of WMA and RAP to produce mixtures with sufficient stiffness and moisture and fracture resistance. This study evaluates the potential of WMA technologies and their integration with RAP. Initially, an extensive literature review was completed to understand the advantages, disadvantages, and past field and lab performance of WMA and RAP mixtures. Rotational viscometer and bending beam rheometer tests were then used to evaluate Sasobit, Evotherm M1, and Advera WMA modified and unmodified binders. Finally, virgin and 45% RAP mixtures were designed and tested to examine the rutting, moisture, and fracture resistance of WMA and HMA mixtures. The results of this experiment provided several key observations. First, viscosity reductions may not be the primary cause for the availability of reduced production temperatures for WMA technologies. Second, WMA additive properties have a significant effect upon fracture, moisture, and rutting resistance. Furthermore, the addition of RAP to WMA mixtures improved the rutting and moisture sensitivity performance as characterized in the Hamburg and Tensile Strength Ratio testing procedures.","abstract_html":"Sustainability is a cornerstone of today’s engineering world. Warm mix asphalt (WMA) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) are the most prominent sustainable materials in asphalt concrete pavements. WMA is a not a new concept, however new innovations and increased usage of WMA has been spurred by the increased focus on sustainable infrastructure systems. WMA enables reduced production temperatures through the use of wax, water, or other chemical packages. The effects of reduced production temperatures include fuel use and emissions reductions, improved compaction, and possible RAP concentration increases. RAP is the primary recycled product of the aged asphalt concrete pavements and its use leads to reductions in virgin aggregate and asphalt demand. However, significant performance issues can stem from the individual integration of WMA or RAP materials in asphalt concrete. In particular, WMA technologies can increase moisture and rutting susceptibility while RAP significantly increases the stiffness of the resulting mixture. Consequently, quality performance of sustainable asphalt pavements may require the combined use of WMA and RAP to produce mixtures with sufficient stiffness and moisture and fracture resistance. This study evaluates the potential of WMA technologies and their integration with RAP. Initially, an extensive literature review was completed to understand the advantages, disadvantages, and past field and lab performance of WMA and RAP mixtures. Rotational viscometer and bending beam rheometer tests were then used to evaluate Sasobit, Evotherm M1, and Advera WMA modified and unmodified binders. Finally, virgin and 45% RAP mixtures were designed and tested to examine the rutting, moisture, and fracture resistance of WMA and HMA mixtures. The results of this experiment provided several key observations. First, viscosity reductions may not be the primary cause for the availability of reduced production temperatures for WMA technologies. Second, WMA additive properties have a significant effect upon fracture, moisture, and rutting resistance. Furthermore, the addition of RAP to WMA mixtures improved the rutting and moisture sensitivity performance as characterized in the Hamburg and Tensile Strength Ratio testing procedures.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Hill, Brian"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Civil Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Buttlar, William G."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-05-25T14:35:59Z","date_published":"2011-05-25T14:35:59Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:23Z","subjects":["warm mix asphalt","reclaimed asphalt pavement","hamburg","disk-shaped compact tension"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2011 Brian Hill"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24371","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Buttlar, William G."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hill, Brian"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2011-05-25T14:35:59Z","2013-05-26T10:00:23Z","2011-05"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Civil Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["warm mix asphalt","reclaimed asphalt pavement","hamburg","disk-shaped compact tension"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2011 Brian Hill"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24371"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Sustainability is a cornerstone of today’s engineering world. Warm mix asphalt (WMA) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) are the most prominent sustainable materials in asphalt concrete pavements. WMA is a not a new concept, however new innovations and increased usage of WMA has been spurred by the increased focus on sustainable infrastructure systems. WMA enables reduced production temperatures through the use of wax, water, or other chemical packages. The effects of reduced production temperatures include fuel use and emissions reductions, improved compaction, and possible RAP concentration increases. RAP is the primary recycled product of the aged asphalt concrete pavements and its use leads to reductions in virgin aggregate and asphalt demand. However, significant performance issues can stem from the individual integration of WMA or RAP materials in asphalt concrete. In particular, WMA technologies can increase moisture and rutting susceptibility while RAP significantly increases the stiffness of the resulting mixture. Consequently, quality performance of sustainable asphalt pavements may require the combined use of WMA and RAP to produce mixtures with sufficient stiffness and moisture and fracture resistance. This study evaluates the potential of WMA technologies and their integration with RAP. Initially, an extensive literature review was completed to understand the advantages, disadvantages, and past field and lab performance of WMA and RAP mixtures. Rotational viscometer and bending beam rheometer tests were then used to evaluate Sasobit, Evotherm M1, and Advera WMA modified and unmodified binders. Finally, virgin and 45% RAP mixtures were designed and tested to examine the rutting, moisture, and fracture resistance of WMA and HMA mixtures. The results of this experiment provided several key observations. First, viscosity reductions may not be the primary cause for the availability of reduced production temperatures for WMA technologies. Second, WMA additive properties have a significant effect upon fracture, moisture, and rutting resistance. Furthermore, the addition of RAP to WMA mixtures improved the rutting and moisture sensitivity performance as characterized in the Hamburg and Tensile Strength Ratio testing procedures.","Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf (zulauf@illinois.edu) on 2011-04-26T18:07:27Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1) No. of bitstreams: 1 Hill_Brian.pdf: 5147590 bytes, checksum: 7c87ea9571df2c4bd8b2af1b7b8bc6eb (MD5)","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-25T14:35:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Hill_Brian.pdf: 5147590 bytes, checksum: 7c87ea9571df2c4bd8b2af1b7b8bc6eb (MD5) license.txt: 4059 bytes, checksum: d0c091b5c620cc1ad0ff09ad84279f6a (MD5)","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by William Ingram (wingram2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-25T14:41:40Z Item is restricted until 2013-05-25T14:41:28Z","Item reinstated by Sarah Shreeves (sshreeve@illinois.edu) on 2013-05-26T10:00:23Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Dissertations and Theses (ID: 204) Dissertations and Theses - Civil and Environmental Engineering (ID: 672) No. of bitstreams: 3 Hill_Brian.pdf.txt: 104288 bytes, checksum: 5360a3c3c592d0b6082c84c4de0cda6d (MD5) Hill_Brian.pdf: 5147590 bytes, checksum: 7c87ea9571df2c4bd8b2af1b7b8bc6eb (MD5) license.txt: 4059 bytes, checksum: d0c091b5c620cc1ad0ff09ad84279f6a (MD5)","Item released from any restrictions by Sarah Shreeves (sshreeve@illinois.edu) on 2013-05-26T10:00:23Z"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt mixtures incorporating reclaimed asphalt pavement"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Buttlar, William G."],"dc:creator":["Hill, Brian"],"dc:date":["2011-05-25T14:35:59Z","2013-05-26T10:00:23Z","2011-05"],"dc:description":["Sustainability is a cornerstone of today’s engineering world. Warm mix asphalt (WMA) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) are the most prominent sustainable materials in asphalt concrete pavements. WMA is a not a new concept, however new innovations and increased usage of WMA has been spurred by the increased focus on sustainable infrastructure systems. WMA enables reduced production temperatures through the use of wax, water, or other chemical packages. The effects of reduced production temperatures include fuel use and emissions reductions, improved compaction, and possible RAP concentration increases. RAP is the primary recycled product of the aged asphalt concrete pavements and its use leads to reductions in virgin aggregate and asphalt demand. However, significant performance issues can stem from the individual integration of WMA or RAP materials in asphalt concrete. In particular, WMA technologies can increase moisture and rutting susceptibility while RAP significantly increases the stiffness of the resulting mixture. Consequently, quality performance of sustainable asphalt pavements may require the combined use of WMA and RAP to produce mixtures with sufficient stiffness and moisture and fracture resistance. This study evaluates the potential of WMA technologies and their integration with RAP. Initially, an extensive literature review was completed to understand the advantages, disadvantages, and past field and lab performance of WMA and RAP mixtures. Rotational viscometer and bending beam rheometer tests were then used to evaluate Sasobit, Evotherm M1, and Advera WMA modified and unmodified binders. Finally, virgin and 45% RAP mixtures were designed and tested to examine the rutting, moisture, and fracture resistance of WMA and HMA mixtures. The results of this experiment provided several key observations. First, viscosity reductions may not be the primary cause for the availability of reduced production temperatures for WMA technologies. Second, WMA additive properties have a significant effect upon fracture, moisture, and rutting resistance. Furthermore, the addition of RAP to WMA mixtures improved the rutting and moisture sensitivity performance as characterized in the Hamburg and Tensile Strength Ratio testing procedures.","Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf (zulauf@illinois.edu) on 2011-04-26T18:07:27Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1) No. of bitstreams: 1 Hill_Brian.pdf: 5147590 bytes, checksum: 7c87ea9571df2c4bd8b2af1b7b8bc6eb (MD5)","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-25T14:35:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Hill_Brian.pdf: 5147590 bytes, checksum: 7c87ea9571df2c4bd8b2af1b7b8bc6eb (MD5) license.txt: 4059 bytes, checksum: d0c091b5c620cc1ad0ff09ad84279f6a (MD5)","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by William Ingram (wingram2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-25T14:41:40Z Item is restricted until 2013-05-25T14:41:28Z","Item reinstated by Sarah Shreeves (sshreeve@illinois.edu) on 2013-05-26T10:00:23Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Dissertations and Theses (ID: 204) Dissertations and Theses - Civil and Environmental Engineering (ID: 672) No. of bitstreams: 3 Hill_Brian.pdf.txt: 104288 bytes, checksum: 5360a3c3c592d0b6082c84c4de0cda6d (MD5) Hill_Brian.pdf: 5147590 bytes, checksum: 7c87ea9571df2c4bd8b2af1b7b8bc6eb (MD5) license.txt: 4059 bytes, checksum: d0c091b5c620cc1ad0ff09ad84279f6a (MD5)","Item released from any restrictions by Sarah Shreeves (sshreeve@illinois.edu) on 2013-05-26T10:00:23Z"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24371"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2011 Brian Hill"],"dc:subject":["warm mix asphalt","reclaimed asphalt pavement","hamburg","disk-shaped compact tension"],"dc:title":["Performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt mixtures incorporating reclaimed asphalt pavement"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Civil Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:23Z"}