{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/21967"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/21967","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Effect of rearing environment and environmental enrichment on behavior and neural development in young pigs","abstract":"There is increasing concern about the welfare of farm animals. In two trials, forty-eight 7.97 and 10.78 kg Hampshire-sired crossbred pigs were housed in either a complex environment (CE) or a simple environment (SE) for 9.5 weeks. The SE consisted of two pigs, in 1.22 x 1.22-m pens in a closed building. The CE consisted of 12 pigs in an outdoor pen with straw bedding, daily petting by people and a variety of objects such as cloth strips, chains, balls, boards, and newspapers. The objects were changed daily. In half the animals the somatosensory cortex was Golgi-Cox impregnated. SE pigs had greater dendritic branching and larger somas than CE pigs. Total ring intersections were 55.70 $\\pm$ 2.38 and 48.62 $\\pm$ 2.38, respectively. SE pigs engaged in greater amounts of belly nosing, which may have stimulated the cortex. There was no effect on visual cortex. The SE pigs were more excitable and aggressive. CE pigs approached a strange man more rapidly and were more willing to walk through a narrow chute. Further experiments indicated that the addition of small amounts of environmental enrichment to barren pens greatly reduced blind excitability ratings. Petting by a person (mingling) for 5 minutes once a week was effective. Two enrichment treatments such as mingling and objects (hanging rubber hoses) were more effective than a single treatment. Environmental effects on handling behavior were complex. In one trial, mingling and objects reduced the amount of prodding required to move pigs through a chute. In another trial, mingled pigs were more difficult to drive. There may be an optimal level of tameness for pigs which will be marketed for slaughter. In barren pens, hanging cloth strips (objects) reduced fighting in newly mixed pigs. One week of exposure to objects prior to mixing reduced biting and pulling of the objects during mixing. Previous exposure to objects prior to mixing had no effect on fighting. When objects were first introduced, activity was intense, and it leveled off at a lower level. The pigs appear to seek stimulation. Simple enrichment procedures may alleviate the effects of sensory restriction.","abstract_html":"There is increasing concern about the welfare of farm animals. In two trials, forty-eight 7.97 and 10.78 kg Hampshire-sired crossbred pigs were housed in either a complex environment (CE) or a simple environment (SE) for 9.5 weeks. The SE consisted of two pigs, in 1.22 x 1.22-m pens in a closed building. The CE consisted of 12 pigs in an outdoor pen with straw bedding, daily petting by people and a variety of objects such as cloth strips, chains, balls, boards, and newspapers. The objects were changed daily. In half the animals the somatosensory cortex was Golgi-Cox impregnated. SE pigs had greater dendritic branching and larger somas than CE pigs. Total ring intersections were 55.70 $\\pm$ 2.38 and 48.62 $\\pm$ 2.38, respectively. SE pigs engaged in greater amounts of belly nosing, which may have stimulated the cortex. There was no effect on visual cortex. The SE pigs were more excitable and aggressive. CE pigs approached a strange man more rapidly and were more willing to walk through a narrow chute. Further experiments indicated that the addition of small amounts of environmental enrichment to barren pens greatly reduced blind excitability ratings. Petting by a person (mingling) for 5 minutes once a week was effective. Two enrichment treatments such as mingling and objects (hanging rubber hoses) were more effective than a single treatment. Environmental effects on handling behavior were complex. In one trial, mingling and objects reduced the amount of prodding required to move pigs through a chute. In another trial, mingled pigs were more difficult to drive. There may be an optimal level of tameness for pigs which will be marketed for slaughter. In barren pens, hanging cloth strips (objects) reduced fighting in newly mixed pigs. One week of exposure to objects prior to mixing reduced biting and pulling of the objects during mixing. Previous exposure to objects prior to mixing had no effect on fighting. When objects were first introduced, activity was intense, and it leveled off at a lower level. The pigs appear to seek stimulation. Simple enrichment procedures may alleviate the effects of sensory restriction.","abstract_has_math":true,"creators":["Grandin, Temple"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Animal Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Curtis, Stanley E."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-05-07T13:24:44Z","date_published":"2011-05-07T13:24:44Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:19Z","subjects":["Biology, Neuroscience","Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition","Biology, Veterinary Science"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Copyright 1989 Grandin, Temple"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["AAI8924824","(UMI)AAI8924824"],"render_values":[{"text":"AAI8924824","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"(UMI)AAI8924824","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/21967","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Curtis, Stanley E."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Grandin, Temple"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2011-05-07T13:24:44Z","1989"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Animal Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Biology, Neuroscience","Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition","Biology, Veterinary Science"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 1989 Grandin, Temple"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["AAI8924824","(UMI)AAI8924824","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/21967"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["There is increasing concern about the welfare of farm animals. In two trials, forty-eight 7.97 and 10.78 kg Hampshire-sired crossbred pigs were housed in either a complex environment (CE) or a simple environment (SE) for 9.5 weeks. The SE consisted of two pigs, in 1.22 x 1.22-m pens in a closed building. The CE consisted of 12 pigs in an outdoor pen with straw bedding, daily petting by people and a variety of objects such as cloth strips, chains, balls, boards, and newspapers. The objects were changed daily. In half the animals the somatosensory cortex was Golgi-Cox impregnated. SE pigs had greater dendritic branching and larger somas than CE pigs. Total ring intersections were 55.70 $\\pm$ 2.38 and 48.62 $\\pm$ 2.38, respectively. SE pigs engaged in greater amounts of belly nosing, which may have stimulated the cortex. There was no effect on visual cortex. The SE pigs were more excitable and aggressive. CE pigs approached a strange man more rapidly and were more willing to walk through a narrow chute. Further experiments indicated that the addition of small amounts of environmental enrichment to barren pens greatly reduced blind excitability ratings. Petting by a person (mingling) for 5 minutes once a week was effective. Two enrichment treatments such as mingling and objects (hanging rubber hoses) were more effective than a single treatment. Environmental effects on handling behavior were complex. In one trial, mingling and objects reduced the amount of prodding required to move pigs through a chute. In another trial, mingled pigs were more difficult to drive. There may be an optimal level of tameness for pigs which will be marketed for slaughter. In barren pens, hanging cloth strips (objects) reduced fighting in newly mixed pigs. One week of exposure to objects prior to mixing reduced biting and pulling of the objects during mixing. Previous exposure to objects prior to mixing had no effect on fighting. When objects were first introduced, activity was intense, and it leveled off at a lower level. The pigs appear to seek stimulation. Simple enrichment procedures may alleviate the effects of sensory restriction.","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:24:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 8924824.pdf: 5514050 bytes, checksum: 1da18f7434ccb10ed423e8a1c1eba0e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1989","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:54:25Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:25:17-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","Open Restriction set for Item 22102 on 2018-01-12T19:35:03Z with date null by astein@illinois.edu.","Open Restriction set for Item 22102 on 2018-01-12T19:35:05Z with date null by astein@illinois.edu.","Open"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Effect of rearing environment and environmental enrichment on behavior and neural development in young pigs"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Curtis, Stanley E."],"dc:creator":["Grandin, Temple"],"dc:date":["2011-05-07T13:24:44Z","1989"],"dc:description":["There is increasing concern about the welfare of farm animals. In two trials, forty-eight 7.97 and 10.78 kg Hampshire-sired crossbred pigs were housed in either a complex environment (CE) or a simple environment (SE) for 9.5 weeks. The SE consisted of two pigs, in 1.22 x 1.22-m pens in a closed building. The CE consisted of 12 pigs in an outdoor pen with straw bedding, daily petting by people and a variety of objects such as cloth strips, chains, balls, boards, and newspapers. The objects were changed daily. In half the animals the somatosensory cortex was Golgi-Cox impregnated. SE pigs had greater dendritic branching and larger somas than CE pigs. Total ring intersections were 55.70 $\\pm$ 2.38 and 48.62 $\\pm$ 2.38, respectively. SE pigs engaged in greater amounts of belly nosing, which may have stimulated the cortex. There was no effect on visual cortex. The SE pigs were more excitable and aggressive. CE pigs approached a strange man more rapidly and were more willing to walk through a narrow chute. Further experiments indicated that the addition of small amounts of environmental enrichment to barren pens greatly reduced blind excitability ratings. Petting by a person (mingling) for 5 minutes once a week was effective. Two enrichment treatments such as mingling and objects (hanging rubber hoses) were more effective than a single treatment. Environmental effects on handling behavior were complex. In one trial, mingling and objects reduced the amount of prodding required to move pigs through a chute. In another trial, mingled pigs were more difficult to drive. There may be an optimal level of tameness for pigs which will be marketed for slaughter. In barren pens, hanging cloth strips (objects) reduced fighting in newly mixed pigs. One week of exposure to objects prior to mixing reduced biting and pulling of the objects during mixing. Previous exposure to objects prior to mixing had no effect on fighting. When objects were first introduced, activity was intense, and it leveled off at a lower level. The pigs appear to seek stimulation. Simple enrichment procedures may alleviate the effects of sensory restriction.","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:24:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 8924824.pdf: 5514050 bytes, checksum: 1da18f7434ccb10ed423e8a1c1eba0e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1989","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:54:25Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:25:17-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","Open Restriction set for Item 22102 on 2018-01-12T19:35:03Z with date null by astein@illinois.edu.","Open Restriction set for Item 22102 on 2018-01-12T19:35:05Z with date null by astein@illinois.edu.","Open"],"dc:identifier":["AAI8924824","(UMI)AAI8924824","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/21967"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 1989 Grandin, Temple"],"dc:subject":["Biology, Neuroscience","Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition","Biology, Veterinary Science"],"dc:title":["Effect of rearing environment and environmental enrichment on behavior and neural development in young pigs"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Animal Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:19Z"}