{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/21733"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/21733","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"The effects of goal setting procedures and personal discretion on individuals' creativity","abstract":"This research examined whether situational factors have significant effects on individuals' creativity on job related problems. Three situational factors were examined: productivity goal setting, creativity goal setting (i.e., a goal to be creative), and personal discretion in work procedures. These factors were chosen because of the relevance to creativity and their use in organizations. A laboratory study was conducted with a 3 x 3 x 2 experimental design. Subjects worked on an in-basket exercise. Creativity was measured using a consensual assessment technique developed by Amabile (1983), in which three judges independently evaluated the overall creativity of each response generated. These ratings were then averaged across solutions generated by an individual to obtain a score indicating their overall level of creativity on the task. Results of a three-way ANOVA indicated that creativity was lowest in the following three conditions: when individuals were assigned to do your best productivity goal and no creativity goal, a difficult productivity goal and no creativity goal, or no creativity goal and low personal discretion. Results also indicated that both creativity and productivity were high when individuals were assigned a difficult productivity goal and a do your best creativity goal or a difficult productivity goal and a difficult creativity goal. These results were interpreted as indicated as indicating that productivity goals and low personal discretion in themselves do not harm creativity as long as a creativity goal is also assigned. However, when no creativity goal is assigned and individuals are given a productivity goal or low personal discretion in work procedures, their creativity appears to be detrimentally affected. Potential implications of these results for organizations interested in enhancing individuals' creativity and innovation are discussed.","abstract_html":"This research examined whether situational factors have significant effects on individuals' creativity on job related problems. Three situational factors were examined: productivity goal setting, creativity goal setting (i.e., a goal to be creative), and personal discretion in work procedures. These factors were chosen because of the relevance to creativity and their use in organizations. A laboratory study was conducted with a 3 x 3 x 2 experimental design. Subjects worked on an in-basket exercise. Creativity was measured using a consensual assessment technique developed by Amabile (1983), in which three judges independently evaluated the overall creativity of each response generated. These ratings were then averaged across solutions generated by an individual to obtain a score indicating their overall level of creativity on the task. Results of a three-way ANOVA indicated that creativity was lowest in the following three conditions: when individuals were assigned to do your best productivity goal and no creativity goal, a difficult productivity goal and no creativity goal, or no creativity goal and low personal discretion. Results also indicated that both creativity and productivity were high when individuals were assigned a difficult productivity goal and a do your best creativity goal or a difficult productivity goal and a difficult creativity goal. These results were interpreted as indicated as indicating that productivity goals and low personal discretion in themselves do not harm creativity as long as a creativity goal is also assigned. However, when no creativity goal is assigned and individuals are given a productivity goal or low personal discretion in work procedures, their creativity appears to be detrimentally affected. Potential implications of these results for organizations interested in enhancing individuals' creativity and innovation are discussed.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Shalley, Christina Ellen"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Business Administration","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Oldham, Greg R."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-05-07T13:17:29Z","date_published":"2011-05-07T13:17:29Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:18Z","subjects":["Business Administration, Management"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Copyright 1989 Shalley, Christina Ellen"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["AAI9011012","(UMI)AAI9011012"],"render_values":[{"text":"AAI9011012","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"(UMI)AAI9011012","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/21733","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Oldham, Greg R."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Shalley, Christina Ellen"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2011-05-07T13:17:29Z","10000-01-01","1989"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Business Administration"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Business Administration, Management"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 1989 Shalley, Christina Ellen"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["AAI9011012","(UMI)AAI9011012","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/21733"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["This research examined whether situational factors have significant effects on individuals' creativity on job related problems. Three situational factors were examined: productivity goal setting, creativity goal setting (i.e., a goal to be creative), and personal discretion in work procedures. These factors were chosen because of the relevance to creativity and their use in organizations. A laboratory study was conducted with a 3 x 3 x 2 experimental design. Subjects worked on an in-basket exercise. Creativity was measured using a consensual assessment technique developed by Amabile (1983), in which three judges independently evaluated the overall creativity of each response generated. These ratings were then averaged across solutions generated by an individual to obtain a score indicating their overall level of creativity on the task. Results of a three-way ANOVA indicated that creativity was lowest in the following three conditions: when individuals were assigned to do your best productivity goal and no creativity goal, a difficult productivity goal and no creativity goal, or no creativity goal and low personal discretion. Results also indicated that both creativity and productivity were high when individuals were assigned a difficult productivity goal and a do your best creativity goal or a difficult productivity goal and a difficult creativity goal. These results were interpreted as indicated as indicating that productivity goals and low personal discretion in themselves do not harm creativity as long as a creativity goal is also assigned. However, when no creativity goal is assigned and individuals are given a productivity goal or low personal discretion in work procedures, their creativity appears to be detrimentally affected. Potential implications of these results for organizations interested in enhancing individuals' creativity and innovation are discussed.","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:17:29Z (GMT). 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Three situational factors were examined: productivity goal setting, creativity goal setting (i.e., a goal to be creative), and personal discretion in work procedures. These factors were chosen because of the relevance to creativity and their use in organizations. A laboratory study was conducted with a 3 x 3 x 2 experimental design. Subjects worked on an in-basket exercise. Creativity was measured using a consensual assessment technique developed by Amabile (1983), in which three judges independently evaluated the overall creativity of each response generated. These ratings were then averaged across solutions generated by an individual to obtain a score indicating their overall level of creativity on the task. Results of a three-way ANOVA indicated that creativity was lowest in the following three conditions: when individuals were assigned to do your best productivity goal and no creativity goal, a difficult productivity goal and no creativity goal, or no creativity goal and low personal discretion. Results also indicated that both creativity and productivity were high when individuals were assigned a difficult productivity goal and a do your best creativity goal or a difficult productivity goal and a difficult creativity goal. These results were interpreted as indicated as indicating that productivity goals and low personal discretion in themselves do not harm creativity as long as a creativity goal is also assigned. However, when no creativity goal is assigned and individuals are given a productivity goal or low personal discretion in work procedures, their creativity appears to be detrimentally affected. 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