{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/21507"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/21507","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Frames of reference and electronic anchors: An investigation of map displays for helicopter flight","abstract":"Maps are important for most forms of navigational flight. Yet for helicopter flight they are critical. Different map displays for Nap of the Earth (NOE) and Low Level helicopter flight were configured according to previous research on spatial cognition in large scale environments. Interest centered on representations of spatial knowledge that would best support helicopter navigational problem solving. Maps either rotated to show an ego frame of reference, or were fixed to portray a north-up, world frame of reference. Color and word 'anchors' were added to the periphery of the maps and were also projected on the windshield to facilitate attention switching between the outside environment and the map display. Twenty skilled pilots used the maps to complete several navigational tasks that occurred within a realistic simulation program tailored for helicopter navigation. Results were mixed. Distance estimation, wayfinding, and the orientation component of the target location score were generally facilitated by the fixed map, while reorienting from an unfamiliar location was facilitated by the rotating map. Color anchors facilitated wayfinding and target location, but degraded performance on distance estimation and orienting from an unfamiliar location. The results are interpreted according to three perspectives of navigational tasks and map displays: task complexity, map-environment consistency, and the correspondence between spatial knowledge and maps.","abstract_html":"Maps are important for most forms of navigational flight. Yet for helicopter flight they are critical. Different map displays for Nap of the Earth (NOE) and Low Level helicopter flight were configured according to previous research on spatial cognition in large scale environments. Interest centered on representations of spatial knowledge that would best support helicopter navigational problem solving. Maps either rotated to show an ego frame of reference, or were fixed to portray a north-up, world frame of reference. Color and word 'anchors' were added to the periphery of the maps and were also projected on the windshield to facilitate attention switching between the outside environment and the map display. Twenty skilled pilots used the maps to complete several navigational tasks that occurred within a realistic simulation program tailored for helicopter navigation. Results were mixed. Distance estimation, wayfinding, and the orientation component of the target location score were generally facilitated by the fixed map, while reorienting from an unfamiliar location was facilitated by the rotating map. Color anchors facilitated wayfinding and target location, but degraded performance on distance estimation and orienting from an unfamiliar location. The results are interpreted according to three perspectives of navigational tasks and map displays: task complexity, map-environment consistency, and the correspondence between spatial knowledge and maps.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Harwood, Kelly"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Wickens, Christopher D."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-05-07T13:10:36Z","date_published":"2011-05-07T13:10:36Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:18Z","subjects":["Psychology, Experimental"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Copyright 1989 Harwood, Kelly"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["AAI9010876","(UMI)AAI9010876"],"render_values":[{"text":"AAI9010876","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"(UMI)AAI9010876","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/21507","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Wickens, Christopher D."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Harwood, Kelly"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2011-05-07T13:10:36Z","10000-01-01","1989"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Psychology, Experimental"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 1989 Harwood, Kelly"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["AAI9010876","(UMI)AAI9010876","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/21507"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Maps are important for most forms of navigational flight. Yet for helicopter flight they are critical. Different map displays for Nap of the Earth (NOE) and Low Level helicopter flight were configured according to previous research on spatial cognition in large scale environments. Interest centered on representations of spatial knowledge that would best support helicopter navigational problem solving. Maps either rotated to show an ego frame of reference, or were fixed to portray a north-up, world frame of reference. Color and word 'anchors' were added to the periphery of the maps and were also projected on the windshield to facilitate attention switching between the outside environment and the map display. Twenty skilled pilots used the maps to complete several navigational tasks that occurred within a realistic simulation program tailored for helicopter navigation. Results were mixed. Distance estimation, wayfinding, and the orientation component of the target location score were generally facilitated by the fixed map, while reorienting from an unfamiliar location was facilitated by the rotating map. Color anchors facilitated wayfinding and target location, but degraded performance on distance estimation and orienting from an unfamiliar location. The results are interpreted according to three perspectives of navigational tasks and map displays: task complexity, map-environment consistency, and the correspondence between spatial knowledge and maps.","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:10:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 9010876.pdf: 4108445 bytes, checksum: bcb892d113ea823ddf7956eda167e3d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1989","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:51:15Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:23:30-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","U of I Only"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Frames of reference and electronic anchors: An investigation of map displays for helicopter flight"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Wickens, Christopher D."],"dc:creator":["Harwood, Kelly"],"dc:date":["2011-05-07T13:10:36Z","10000-01-01","1989"],"dc:description":["Maps are important for most forms of navigational flight. Yet for helicopter flight they are critical. Different map displays for Nap of the Earth (NOE) and Low Level helicopter flight were configured according to previous research on spatial cognition in large scale environments. Interest centered on representations of spatial knowledge that would best support helicopter navigational problem solving. Maps either rotated to show an ego frame of reference, or were fixed to portray a north-up, world frame of reference. Color and word 'anchors' were added to the periphery of the maps and were also projected on the windshield to facilitate attention switching between the outside environment and the map display. Twenty skilled pilots used the maps to complete several navigational tasks that occurred within a realistic simulation program tailored for helicopter navigation. Results were mixed. Distance estimation, wayfinding, and the orientation component of the target location score were generally facilitated by the fixed map, while reorienting from an unfamiliar location was facilitated by the rotating map. Color anchors facilitated wayfinding and target location, but degraded performance on distance estimation and orienting from an unfamiliar location. The results are interpreted according to three perspectives of navigational tasks and map displays: task complexity, map-environment consistency, and the correspondence between spatial knowledge and maps.","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:10:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 9010876.pdf: 4108445 bytes, checksum: bcb892d113ea823ddf7956eda167e3d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1989","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:51:15Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:23:30-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","U of I Only"],"dc:identifier":["AAI9010876","(UMI)AAI9010876","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/21507"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 1989 Harwood, Kelly"],"dc:subject":["Psychology, Experimental"],"dc:title":["Frames of reference and electronic anchors: An investigation of map displays for helicopter flight"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:18Z"}