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Chapter 3 presents a detailed and systematic account of Peruvian trade policies during the years under consideration, and four main categories are distinguished: import duties, duty rebates and import subsidies; export taxes and subsidies; quantitative restrictions; and exchange controls. An evaluation of these policies is presented in Chapter 4, especially in those aspects concerning the agricultural and manufacturing sectors, and the role played by the exchange rate and the foreign debt are emphasized.","abstract_html":"The liberal trade policies of the pre-1960 years are reviewed in the first chapter, where an attempt to find the economic and political factors explaining the turn towards the protectionism and state intervention of later years is also made. Chapter 2 contains a review of the theory of protection in those aspects relevant to the developing countries. Chapter 3 presents a detailed and systematic account of Peruvian trade policies during the years under consideration, and four main categories are distinguished: import duties, duty rebates and import subsidies; export taxes and subsidies; quantitative restrictions; and exchange controls. An evaluation of these policies is presented in Chapter 4, especially in those aspects concerning the agricultural and manufacturing sectors, and the role played by the exchange rate and the foreign debt are emphasized.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Rojas Rojas, Jorge Oswaldo"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Economics","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Baer, Werner W."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-05-07T12:31:19Z","date_published":"2011-05-07T12:31:19Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:15Z","subjects":["Economics, Commerce-Business","Economics, History","Economics, Theory"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Copyright 1991 Rojas Rojas, Jorge Oswaldo"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["AAI9136719","(UMI)AAI9136719"],"render_values":[{"text":"AAI9136719","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"(UMI)AAI9136719","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/20179","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Baer, Werner W."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Rojas Rojas, Jorge Oswaldo"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2011-05-07T12:31:19Z","10000-01-01","1991"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Economics"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Economics, Commerce-Business","Economics, History","Economics, Theory"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 1991 Rojas Rojas, Jorge Oswaldo"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["AAI9136719","(UMI)AAI9136719","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/20179"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["The liberal trade policies of the pre-1960 years are reviewed in the first chapter, where an attempt to find the economic and political factors explaining the turn towards the protectionism and state intervention of later years is also made. 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