{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/20108"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/20108","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Role of carbohydrate in control of the adenine nucleotide pool in human skeletal muscle during exercise","abstract":"The relationship between carbohydrate (CHO) availability and the adenine nucleotide pool in human skeletal muscle during exercise has been investigated during short-term high intensity cycling exercise (Study I), or sustainable heavy cycling exercise (Study II), with and without prior muscle glycogen lowering. In study III, subjects performed sustainable heavy cycling exercise with and without carbohydrate ingestion.","abstract_html":"The relationship between carbohydrate (CHO) availability and the adenine nucleotide pool in human skeletal muscle during exercise has been investigated during short-term high intensity cycling exercise (Study I), or sustainable heavy cycling exercise (Study II), with and without prior muscle glycogen lowering. In study III, subjects performed sustainable heavy cycling exercise with and without carbohydrate ingestion.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Spencer, Mark Kendall"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Kinesiology and Community Health","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Ji, Li Li"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-05-07T12:29:02Z","date_published":"2011-05-07T12:29:02Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:15Z","subjects":["Biology, Animal Physiology","Chemistry, Biochemistry"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Copyright 1994 Spencer, Mark Kendall"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["AAI9416440","(UMI)AAI9416440"],"render_values":[{"text":"AAI9416440","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"(UMI)AAI9416440","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/20108","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Ji, Li Li"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Spencer, Mark Kendall"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2011-05-07T12:29:02Z","10000-01-01","1994"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Kinesiology and Community Health"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Biology, Animal Physiology","Chemistry, Biochemistry"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 1994 Spencer, Mark Kendall"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["AAI9416440","(UMI)AAI9416440","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/20108"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["The relationship between carbohydrate (CHO) availability and the adenine nucleotide pool in human skeletal muscle during exercise has been investigated during short-term high intensity cycling exercise (Study I), or sustainable heavy cycling exercise (Study II), with and without prior muscle glycogen lowering. In study III, subjects performed sustainable heavy cycling exercise with and without carbohydrate ingestion.","In Study I, during low glycogen, glycogen utilization and the glycolytic rate were maintained although fructose 6-phosphate (activates phosphofructokinase) was lower, and inosine monophosphate was greater. This supports the hypothesis that increased AMP can compensate for decreased fructose 6-phosphate to maintain phosphofructokinase activation as well as stimulate AMP deaminase and increase inosine monophosphate accumulation.","In Study II during low glycogen exercise, the rate of glycogen utilization, sum of hexose monophosphates and lactate were decreased, while IMP was increased compared exercise with high glycogen. Increases in tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and acetylcarnitine were greater during high glycogen. It is possible that larger increases in ADP and AMP during low glycogen (reflected by higher inosine monophosphate) activate phosphofructokinase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase, as well as stimulate oxidative phosphorylation when insufficient substrate for acetyl CoA and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate formation is provided by glycolysis.","In Study III, the sum of hexose monophosphates, lactate and alanine were higher after carbohydrate ingestion exercise than after placebo exercise. Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates increased more and inosine monophosphate increased less after exercise with carbohydrate ingestion than placebo. Exogenous carbohydrate can attenuate decreases in tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and glycolytic intermediates during prolonged exercise. This may be achieved by increasing the availability of hexose monophosphates for glycolysis.","These studies demonstrate that decreased carbohydrate availability affects glycolytic flux when muscle glycogen is very low. Additionally, the intermediates of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle are reduced and inosine monophosphate formation is increased during exercise with limited carbohydrate availability.","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:29:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 9416440.pdf: 5281564 bytes, checksum: 42a8dae672d421fe86c42b2c201e96a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:41:37Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:18:01-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","U of I Only"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Role of carbohydrate in control of the adenine nucleotide pool in human skeletal muscle during exercise"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Ji, Li Li"],"dc:creator":["Spencer, Mark Kendall"],"dc:date":["2011-05-07T12:29:02Z","10000-01-01","1994"],"dc:description":["The relationship between carbohydrate (CHO) availability and the adenine nucleotide pool in human skeletal muscle during exercise has been investigated during short-term high intensity cycling exercise (Study I), or sustainable heavy cycling exercise (Study II), with and without prior muscle glycogen lowering. In study III, subjects performed sustainable heavy cycling exercise with and without carbohydrate ingestion.","In Study I, during low glycogen, glycogen utilization and the glycolytic rate were maintained although fructose 6-phosphate (activates phosphofructokinase) was lower, and inosine monophosphate was greater. This supports the hypothesis that increased AMP can compensate for decreased fructose 6-phosphate to maintain phosphofructokinase activation as well as stimulate AMP deaminase and increase inosine monophosphate accumulation.","In Study II during low glycogen exercise, the rate of glycogen utilization, sum of hexose monophosphates and lactate were decreased, while IMP was increased compared exercise with high glycogen. Increases in tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and acetylcarnitine were greater during high glycogen. It is possible that larger increases in ADP and AMP during low glycogen (reflected by higher inosine monophosphate) activate phosphofructokinase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase, as well as stimulate oxidative phosphorylation when insufficient substrate for acetyl CoA and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate formation is provided by glycolysis.","In Study III, the sum of hexose monophosphates, lactate and alanine were higher after carbohydrate ingestion exercise than after placebo exercise. Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates increased more and inosine monophosphate increased less after exercise with carbohydrate ingestion than placebo. Exogenous carbohydrate can attenuate decreases in tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and glycolytic intermediates during prolonged exercise. This may be achieved by increasing the availability of hexose monophosphates for glycolysis.","These studies demonstrate that decreased carbohydrate availability affects glycolytic flux when muscle glycogen is very low. Additionally, the intermediates of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle are reduced and inosine monophosphate formation is increased during exercise with limited carbohydrate availability.","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:29:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 9416440.pdf: 5281564 bytes, checksum: 42a8dae672d421fe86c42b2c201e96a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:41:37Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:18:01-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","U of I Only"],"dc:identifier":["AAI9416440","(UMI)AAI9416440","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/20108"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 1994 Spencer, Mark Kendall"],"dc:subject":["Biology, Animal Physiology","Chemistry, Biochemistry"],"dc:title":["Role of carbohydrate in control of the adenine nucleotide pool in human skeletal muscle during exercise"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Kinesiology and Community Health"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:15Z"}