{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/19981"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/19981","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Effects of pre- and postnatal testosterone treatments on growth and carcass traits of heifers used in a single-calf heifer system","abstract":"Three studies evaluated growth and carcass traits of heifers in a single-calf heifer system. In Study 1, 24 prenatally androgenized (PA) heifers and 27 control (C) heifers were fed a finishing diet postpartum and slaughtered at 1.1 cm s.c. fat. Calves were weaned at 117 d of age. Preweaning, PA heifers gained 22.5% faster $(P<.01)$ and were 17.3% more efficient $(P<.01)$ than C heifers. Calf gain was not affected. The PA and C pairs gained 2.88 and 2.53 kg/d, respectively, and efficiency improved $(P<.01)$ 10.8%. Pre- and postweaning, PA heifers gained 23% faster $(P<.01)$ and were 16% more efficient $(P<.02)$ than C heifers. At slaughter, PA and C heifers averaged 853 and 865 d of age, respectively. Skeletal (B$\\sp0)$ and lean (A$\\sp{60})$ maturity scores were similar between treatments. One carcass was C-maturity. Marbling scores exceeded Small$\\sp{50},$ and sensory traits were similar. In Exp. 1 of Study 2, 33 yearling (16 C and 17 PA) and 39 once-calved (20 C and 19 PA) heifers were used to evaluate effects of age and PA. Once-calved heifers gained 11% faster $(P<.08),$ but had similar $(P=.44)$ gain to feed ratios (.138 vs..131) as yearlings. Growth was not affected by PA. Yearling and once-calved heifers averaged 707 and 1080 d of age, respectively, at slaughter. Despite maturity differences $(P<.01),$ marbling scores $(P=.26)$ and percentage of choice carcasses $(P = .27)$ were similar. Organoleptic properties did not differ. Experiments 2 and 3 evaluated the effect of melengestrol acetate (MGA) and Synovex-H on feedlot traits of once-calved heifers. In Exp. 2, 48 once-calved Simmental cross heifers were fed to possess.8 cm s.c. fat. In Exp. 3, 52 moderately sized heifers were fed for 116 d. Performance in Exp. 2 was not affected by MGA, but heifers fed MGA in Exp. 3 gained 9% faster $(P<.05)$ than C heifers. In Exp. 2, Synovex-H improved ADG $(P<.09)$ and feed efficiency $(P<.07),$ but did not affect performance in Exp. 3. Carcass traits were not affected. In Study 3, 12 C and 12 PA L and five (2 C and 3 PA) nonlactating (NL) heifers were used to assess effects of PA and L on metabolic activity of s.c. adipose tissue (AT). The NL heifers gained.22 kg/d (13.9%) faster $(P=.20)$ than L heifers and had greater fat deposition, and PA heifers were fatter but gained 14.6% faster than C heifers, preweaning. Calves were weaned at 112 $\\pm$ 1 d of age, and AT was biopsied at 77 and 126 d postpartum. Epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) increased in vitro fatty acid (IVFA) release 25 $(P<.01)$ and 15% $(P<.06),$ respectively. Near-maximal lipolytic release of IVFA as estimated by E with theophylline and adenosine deaminase (ETAD) stimulation was 73% greater $(P<.01)$ than basal rates. Basal IVFA release was not affected by PA, but ETAD-stimulated rates decreased $(P<.04).$ Basal, E-$(P=.22),$ and NE-stimulated $(P=.31)$ IVFA release rates were similar between C and PA. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)","abstract_html":"Three studies evaluated growth and carcass traits of heifers in a single-calf heifer system. In Study 1, 24 prenatally androgenized (PA) heifers and 27 control (C) heifers were fed a finishing diet postpartum and slaughtered at 1.1 cm s.c. fat. Calves were weaned at 117 d of age. Preweaning, PA heifers gained 22.5% faster $(P&lt;.01)$ and were 17.3% more efficient $(P&lt;.01)$ than C heifers. Calf gain was not affected. The PA and C pairs gained 2.88 and 2.53 kg/d, respectively, and efficiency improved $(P&lt;.01)$ 10.8%. Pre- and postweaning, PA heifers gained 23% faster $(P&lt;.01)$ and were 16% more efficient $(P&lt;.02)$ than C heifers. At slaughter, PA and C heifers averaged 853 and 865 d of age, respectively. Skeletal (B$\\sp0)$ and lean (A$\\sp{60})$ maturity scores were similar between treatments. One carcass was C-maturity. Marbling scores exceeded Small$\\sp{50},$ and sensory traits were similar. In Exp. 1 of Study 2, 33 yearling (16 C and 17 PA) and 39 once-calved (20 C and 19 PA) heifers were used to evaluate effects of age and PA. Once-calved heifers gained 11% faster $(P&lt;.08),$ but had similar $(P=.44)$ gain to feed ratios (.138 vs..131) as yearlings. Growth was not affected by PA. Yearling and once-calved heifers averaged 707 and 1080 d of age, respectively, at slaughter. Despite maturity differences $(P&lt;.01),$ marbling scores $(P=.26)$ and percentage of choice carcasses $(P = .27)$ were similar. Organoleptic properties did not differ. Experiments 2 and 3 evaluated the effect of melengestrol acetate (MGA) and Synovex-H on feedlot traits of once-calved heifers. In Exp. 2, 48 once-calved Simmental cross heifers were fed to possess.8 cm s.c. fat. In Exp. 3, 52 moderately sized heifers were fed for 116 d. Performance in Exp. 2 was not affected by MGA, but heifers fed MGA in Exp. 3 gained 9% faster $(P&lt;.05)$ than C heifers. In Exp. 2, Synovex-H improved ADG $(P&lt;.09)$ and feed efficiency $(P&lt;.07),$ but did not affect performance in Exp. 3. Carcass traits were not affected. In Study 3, 12 C and 12 PA L and five (2 C and 3 PA) nonlactating (NL) heifers were used to assess effects of PA and L on metabolic activity of s.c. adipose tissue (AT). The NL heifers gained.22 kg/d (13.9%) faster $(P=.20)$ than L heifers and had greater fat deposition, and PA heifers were fatter but gained 14.6% faster than C heifers, preweaning. Calves were weaned at 112 $\\pm$ 1 d of age, and AT was biopsied at 77 and 126 d postpartum. Epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) increased in vitro fatty acid (IVFA) release 25 $(P&lt;.01)$ and 15% $(P&lt;.06),$ respectively. Near-maximal lipolytic release of IVFA as estimated by E with theophylline and adenosine deaminase (ETAD) stimulation was 73% greater $(P&lt;.01)$ than basal rates. Basal IVFA release was not affected by PA, but ETAD-stimulated rates decreased $(P&lt;.04).$ Basal, E-$(P=.22),$ and NE-stimulated $(P=.31)$ IVFA release rates were similar between C and PA. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)","abstract_has_math":true,"creators":["Reiling, Bryan Alan"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Animal Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Berger, Larry L."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-05-07T12:24:57Z","date_published":"2011-05-07T12:24:57Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:15Z","subjects":["Biology, Animal Physiology","Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Copyright 1996 Reiling, Bryan Alan"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["9780591088359","AAI9702650","(UMI)AAI9702650"],"render_values":[{"text":"9780591088359","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"AAI9702650","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"(UMI)AAI9702650","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19981","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Berger, Larry L."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Reiling, Bryan Alan"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2011-05-07T12:24:57Z","10000-01-01","1996"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Animal Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Biology, Animal Physiology","Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 1996 Reiling, Bryan Alan"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["9780591088359","AAI9702650","(UMI)AAI9702650","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19981"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Three studies evaluated growth and carcass traits of heifers in a single-calf heifer system. In Study 1, 24 prenatally androgenized (PA) heifers and 27 control (C) heifers were fed a finishing diet postpartum and slaughtered at 1.1 cm s.c. fat. Calves were weaned at 117 d of age. Preweaning, PA heifers gained 22.5% faster $(P<.01)$ and were 17.3% more efficient $(P<.01)$ than C heifers. Calf gain was not affected. The PA and C pairs gained 2.88 and 2.53 kg/d, respectively, and efficiency improved $(P<.01)$ 10.8%. Pre- and postweaning, PA heifers gained 23% faster $(P<.01)$ and were 16% more efficient $(P<.02)$ than C heifers. At slaughter, PA and C heifers averaged 853 and 865 d of age, respectively. Skeletal (B$\\sp0)$ and lean (A$\\sp{60})$ maturity scores were similar between treatments. One carcass was C-maturity. Marbling scores exceeded Small$\\sp{50},$ and sensory traits were similar. In Exp. 1 of Study 2, 33 yearling (16 C and 17 PA) and 39 once-calved (20 C and 19 PA) heifers were used to evaluate effects of age and PA. Once-calved heifers gained 11% faster $(P<.08),$ but had similar $(P=.44)$ gain to feed ratios (.138 vs..131) as yearlings. Growth was not affected by PA. Yearling and once-calved heifers averaged 707 and 1080 d of age, respectively, at slaughter. Despite maturity differences $(P<.01),$ marbling scores $(P=.26)$ and percentage of choice carcasses $(P = .27)$ were similar. Organoleptic properties did not differ. Experiments 2 and 3 evaluated the effect of melengestrol acetate (MGA) and Synovex-H on feedlot traits of once-calved heifers. In Exp. 2, 48 once-calved Simmental cross heifers were fed to possess.8 cm s.c. fat. In Exp. 3, 52 moderately sized heifers were fed for 116 d. Performance in Exp. 2 was not affected by MGA, but heifers fed MGA in Exp. 3 gained 9% faster $(P<.05)$ than C heifers. In Exp. 2, Synovex-H improved ADG $(P<.09)$ and feed efficiency $(P<.07),$ but did not affect performance in Exp. 3. Carcass traits were not affected. In Study 3, 12 C and 12 PA L and five (2 C and 3 PA) nonlactating (NL) heifers were used to assess effects of PA and L on metabolic activity of s.c. adipose tissue (AT). The NL heifers gained.22 kg/d (13.9%) faster $(P=.20)$ than L heifers and had greater fat deposition, and PA heifers were fatter but gained 14.6% faster than C heifers, preweaning. Calves were weaned at 112 $\\pm$ 1 d of age, and AT was biopsied at 77 and 126 d postpartum. Epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) increased in vitro fatty acid (IVFA) release 25 $(P<.01)$ and 15% $(P<.06),$ respectively. Near-maximal lipolytic release of IVFA as estimated by E with theophylline and adenosine deaminase (ETAD) stimulation was 73% greater $(P<.01)$ than basal rates. Basal IVFA release was not affected by PA, but ETAD-stimulated rates decreased $(P<.04).$ Basal, E-$(P=.22),$ and NE-stimulated $(P=.31)$ IVFA release rates were similar between C and PA. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:24:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 9702650.pdf: 6853304 bytes, checksum: 0b21c9f782b576f5ebaee49caea830e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:40:44Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:17:30-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","U of I Only"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Effects of pre- and postnatal testosterone treatments on growth and carcass traits of heifers used in a single-calf heifer system"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Berger, Larry L."],"dc:creator":["Reiling, Bryan Alan"],"dc:date":["2011-05-07T12:24:57Z","10000-01-01","1996"],"dc:description":["Three studies evaluated growth and carcass traits of heifers in a single-calf heifer system. In Study 1, 24 prenatally androgenized (PA) heifers and 27 control (C) heifers were fed a finishing diet postpartum and slaughtered at 1.1 cm s.c. fat. Calves were weaned at 117 d of age. Preweaning, PA heifers gained 22.5% faster $(P<.01)$ and were 17.3% more efficient $(P<.01)$ than C heifers. Calf gain was not affected. The PA and C pairs gained 2.88 and 2.53 kg/d, respectively, and efficiency improved $(P<.01)$ 10.8%. Pre- and postweaning, PA heifers gained 23% faster $(P<.01)$ and were 16% more efficient $(P<.02)$ than C heifers. At slaughter, PA and C heifers averaged 853 and 865 d of age, respectively. Skeletal (B$\\sp0)$ and lean (A$\\sp{60})$ maturity scores were similar between treatments. One carcass was C-maturity. Marbling scores exceeded Small$\\sp{50},$ and sensory traits were similar. In Exp. 1 of Study 2, 33 yearling (16 C and 17 PA) and 39 once-calved (20 C and 19 PA) heifers were used to evaluate effects of age and PA. Once-calved heifers gained 11% faster $(P<.08),$ but had similar $(P=.44)$ gain to feed ratios (.138 vs..131) as yearlings. Growth was not affected by PA. Yearling and once-calved heifers averaged 707 and 1080 d of age, respectively, at slaughter. Despite maturity differences $(P<.01),$ marbling scores $(P=.26)$ and percentage of choice carcasses $(P = .27)$ were similar. Organoleptic properties did not differ. Experiments 2 and 3 evaluated the effect of melengestrol acetate (MGA) and Synovex-H on feedlot traits of once-calved heifers. In Exp. 2, 48 once-calved Simmental cross heifers were fed to possess.8 cm s.c. fat. In Exp. 3, 52 moderately sized heifers were fed for 116 d. Performance in Exp. 2 was not affected by MGA, but heifers fed MGA in Exp. 3 gained 9% faster $(P<.05)$ than C heifers. In Exp. 2, Synovex-H improved ADG $(P<.09)$ and feed efficiency $(P<.07),$ but did not affect performance in Exp. 3. Carcass traits were not affected. In Study 3, 12 C and 12 PA L and five (2 C and 3 PA) nonlactating (NL) heifers were used to assess effects of PA and L on metabolic activity of s.c. adipose tissue (AT). The NL heifers gained.22 kg/d (13.9%) faster $(P=.20)$ than L heifers and had greater fat deposition, and PA heifers were fatter but gained 14.6% faster than C heifers, preweaning. Calves were weaned at 112 $\\pm$ 1 d of age, and AT was biopsied at 77 and 126 d postpartum. Epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) increased in vitro fatty acid (IVFA) release 25 $(P<.01)$ and 15% $(P<.06),$ respectively. Near-maximal lipolytic release of IVFA as estimated by E with theophylline and adenosine deaminase (ETAD) stimulation was 73% greater $(P<.01)$ than basal rates. Basal IVFA release was not affected by PA, but ETAD-stimulated rates decreased $(P<.04).$ Basal, E-$(P=.22),$ and NE-stimulated $(P=.31)$ IVFA release rates were similar between C and PA. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:24:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 9702650.pdf: 6853304 bytes, checksum: 0b21c9f782b576f5ebaee49caea830e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:40:44Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:17:30-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","U of I Only"],"dc:identifier":["9780591088359","AAI9702650","(UMI)AAI9702650","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19981"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 1996 Reiling, Bryan Alan"],"dc:subject":["Biology, Animal Physiology","Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition"],"dc:title":["Effects of pre- and postnatal testosterone treatments on growth and carcass traits of heifers used in a single-calf heifer system"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Animal Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:15Z"}