{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/19801"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/19801","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Blood flow responses in the human calf to superficial cold applications and exercise","abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine whether a superficial cold application applied prior to and during intermittent maximal isokinetic exercise would affect the vasodilatory response in the plantar-flexor muscles of the calf. Fourteen healthy, uninjured male subjects, of college age, participated in 4 randomized treatments applied on separate days: Control (CO), Ice Pack only (I), Exercise only (EX), and Ice and Exercise (IEX). Ice packs (I) were applied for 23 minutes, Exercise consisted of 5 bouts of resisted plantar-flexion on an isokinetic device, the Cybex. During IEX, an ice pack was applied 10 minutes prior to exercise and between each exercise bout. Heart rate (HR) was measured by ECG. Blood pressure was measured by auscultation and used to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP). Total calf blood flow (Q) was estimated by impedance plethysmography. Skin temperature (Tsk), HR, MAP, and Q were compared over 3-minute intervals by two-way MANOVA (p $\\le$ 0.01) for time and treatments or independent variables. The measurements were also compared individually over time by a repeated measures procedure (p $\\le$ 0.01. A priori comparisons far significant effects were made by Dunn's procedure (alpha $<$ 0.05). During I, Q and Tsk were significantly decreased during time of superficial cold application, with no significant change in HR or MAP compared to CO. During EX, Q and HR increased during exercise bouts. During IEX, blood flow was significantly lower without a significant difference associated with the amount of exercise done or effect on HR or MAP compared to EX. Conclusions of this study were: (1) A superficial cold application will decrease blood flow in the human calf, without a central effect on heart rate or blood pressure, compared to control. (2) Blood flow to the calf will increase during intermittent maximal isokinetic exercise of the plantar-flexors with a concomitant increase in heart rate and blood pressure. (3) The blood flow response to exercise alone is higher than when the exercise is combined with superficial cold application applied before and between the intermittent maximal isokinetic exercise.","abstract_html":"The purpose of this study was to determine whether a superficial cold application applied prior to and during intermittent maximal isokinetic exercise would affect the vasodilatory response in the plantar-flexor muscles of the calf. Fourteen healthy, uninjured male subjects, of college age, participated in 4 randomized treatments applied on separate days: Control (CO), Ice Pack only (I), Exercise only (EX), and Ice and Exercise (IEX). Ice packs (I) were applied for 23 minutes, Exercise consisted of 5 bouts of resisted plantar-flexion on an isokinetic device, the Cybex. During IEX, an ice pack was applied 10 minutes prior to exercise and between each exercise bout. Heart rate (HR) was measured by ECG. Blood pressure was measured by auscultation and used to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP). Total calf blood flow (Q) was estimated by impedance plethysmography. Skin temperature (Tsk), HR, MAP, and Q were compared over 3-minute intervals by two-way MANOVA (p $\\le$ 0.01) for time and treatments or independent variables. The measurements were also compared individually over time by a repeated measures procedure (p $\\le$ 0.01. A priori comparisons far significant effects were made by Dunn&#x27;s procedure (alpha $&lt;$ 0.05). During I, Q and Tsk were significantly decreased during time of superficial cold application, with no significant change in HR or MAP compared to CO. During EX, Q and HR increased during exercise bouts. During IEX, blood flow was significantly lower without a significant difference associated with the amount of exercise done or effect on HR or MAP compared to EX. Conclusions of this study were: (1) A superficial cold application will decrease blood flow in the human calf, without a central effect on heart rate or blood pressure, compared to control. (2) Blood flow to the calf will increase during intermittent maximal isokinetic exercise of the plantar-flexors with a concomitant increase in heart rate and blood pressure. (3) The blood flow response to exercise alone is higher than when the exercise is combined with superficial cold application applied before and between the intermittent maximal isokinetic exercise.","abstract_has_math":true,"creators":["Baker, Robert Jon"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Kinesiology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Misner, James E."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-05-07T12:18:59Z","date_published":"2011-05-07T12:18:59Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:14Z","subjects":["Health Sciences, Rehabilitation and Therapy","Biology, Animal Physiology","Education, Physical"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Copyright 1995 Baker, Robert Jon"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["AAI9543521","(UMI)AAI9543521"],"render_values":[{"text":"AAI9543521","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"(UMI)AAI9543521","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19801","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Misner, James E."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Baker, Robert Jon"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2011-05-07T12:18:59Z","10000-01-01","1995"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Kinesiology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Health Sciences, Rehabilitation and Therapy","Biology, Animal Physiology","Education, Physical"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 1995 Baker, Robert Jon"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["AAI9543521","(UMI)AAI9543521","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19801"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["The purpose of this study was to determine whether a superficial cold application applied prior to and during intermittent maximal isokinetic exercise would affect the vasodilatory response in the plantar-flexor muscles of the calf. Fourteen healthy, uninjured male subjects, of college age, participated in 4 randomized treatments applied on separate days: Control (CO), Ice Pack only (I), Exercise only (EX), and Ice and Exercise (IEX). Ice packs (I) were applied for 23 minutes, Exercise consisted of 5 bouts of resisted plantar-flexion on an isokinetic device, the Cybex. During IEX, an ice pack was applied 10 minutes prior to exercise and between each exercise bout. Heart rate (HR) was measured by ECG. Blood pressure was measured by auscultation and used to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP). Total calf blood flow (Q) was estimated by impedance plethysmography. Skin temperature (Tsk), HR, MAP, and Q were compared over 3-minute intervals by two-way MANOVA (p $\\le$ 0.01) for time and treatments or independent variables. The measurements were also compared individually over time by a repeated measures procedure (p $\\le$ 0.01. A priori comparisons far significant effects were made by Dunn's procedure (alpha $<$ 0.05). During I, Q and Tsk were significantly decreased during time of superficial cold application, with no significant change in HR or MAP compared to CO. During EX, Q and HR increased during exercise bouts. During IEX, blood flow was significantly lower without a significant difference associated with the amount of exercise done or effect on HR or MAP compared to EX. Conclusions of this study were: (1) A superficial cold application will decrease blood flow in the human calf, without a central effect on heart rate or blood pressure, compared to control. (2) Blood flow to the calf will increase during intermittent maximal isokinetic exercise of the plantar-flexors with a concomitant increase in heart rate and blood pressure. (3) The blood flow response to exercise alone is higher than when the exercise is combined with superficial cold application applied before and between the intermittent maximal isokinetic exercise.","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:18:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 9543521.pdf: 5427579 bytes, checksum: 6d5eb153b7d748f7fddf90a006179092 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:39:31Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:16:41-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","U of I Only"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Blood flow responses in the human calf to superficial cold applications and exercise"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Misner, James E."],"dc:creator":["Baker, Robert Jon"],"dc:date":["2011-05-07T12:18:59Z","10000-01-01","1995"],"dc:description":["The purpose of this study was to determine whether a superficial cold application applied prior to and during intermittent maximal isokinetic exercise would affect the vasodilatory response in the plantar-flexor muscles of the calf. Fourteen healthy, uninjured male subjects, of college age, participated in 4 randomized treatments applied on separate days: Control (CO), Ice Pack only (I), Exercise only (EX), and Ice and Exercise (IEX). Ice packs (I) were applied for 23 minutes, Exercise consisted of 5 bouts of resisted plantar-flexion on an isokinetic device, the Cybex. During IEX, an ice pack was applied 10 minutes prior to exercise and between each exercise bout. Heart rate (HR) was measured by ECG. Blood pressure was measured by auscultation and used to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP). Total calf blood flow (Q) was estimated by impedance plethysmography. Skin temperature (Tsk), HR, MAP, and Q were compared over 3-minute intervals by two-way MANOVA (p $\\le$ 0.01) for time and treatments or independent variables. The measurements were also compared individually over time by a repeated measures procedure (p $\\le$ 0.01. A priori comparisons far significant effects were made by Dunn's procedure (alpha $<$ 0.05). During I, Q and Tsk were significantly decreased during time of superficial cold application, with no significant change in HR or MAP compared to CO. During EX, Q and HR increased during exercise bouts. During IEX, blood flow was significantly lower without a significant difference associated with the amount of exercise done or effect on HR or MAP compared to EX. Conclusions of this study were: (1) A superficial cold application will decrease blood flow in the human calf, without a central effect on heart rate or blood pressure, compared to control. (2) Blood flow to the calf will increase during intermittent maximal isokinetic exercise of the plantar-flexors with a concomitant increase in heart rate and blood pressure. (3) The blood flow response to exercise alone is higher than when the exercise is combined with superficial cold application applied before and between the intermittent maximal isokinetic exercise.","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:18:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 9543521.pdf: 5427579 bytes, checksum: 6d5eb153b7d748f7fddf90a006179092 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:39:31Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:16:41-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","U of I Only"],"dc:identifier":["AAI9543521","(UMI)AAI9543521","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19801"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 1995 Baker, Robert Jon"],"dc:subject":["Health Sciences, Rehabilitation and Therapy","Biology, Animal Physiology","Education, Physical"],"dc:title":["Blood flow responses in the human calf to superficial cold applications and exercise"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Kinesiology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:14Z"}