{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/19600"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/19600","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Reentry adjustment of short-term student sojourners: A test of the U-curve hypothesis","abstract":"This study examined the U-Curve Hypothesis for sojourner reentry adjustment by using a time series design with 6 biweekly time waves during reentry. Study abroad students (n = 62) returned to their US homes and then to college after 3 months overseas. A US-based control group (n = 21) returned to college on the same time schedule. Adjustment difficulties were measured by the Global Severity Index (GSI) from the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). As expected, both measures were significantly negatively correlated with the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Exploratory data analysis and growth curve trend analysis did not support the U-Curve for reentry adjustment at either the individual or group levels. Contrary to hypothesis, groups did not experience reentry maladjustment in inverse proportion to their host country's Gross National Product per capita. Controls were significantly higher than the combined overseas groups for GSI week-3 after returning, and for both GSI and CES-D week-9. Previous experience living overseas was significantly positively correlated with reentry difficulties during reentry to college. In addition, the proportion who reported depressive symptomatology (CES-D $>$ 15) during at least one time wave was not associated with country of sojourn ($\\chi\\sp2$ = 3.21, df = 4, p =.524). The overseas group had a significantly higher percentage (48%) above the CES-D criterion compared to the US controls (15%) the first week after returning home ($\\chi\\sp2$ = 6.88, df = 1, p.009), whereas the controls had a higher percentage than the overseas students (50% vs. 20%, respectively) the third week after returning to college ($\\chi\\sp2$ = 4.84, df = 1, p =.028). Adaptation of sojourners overseas as measured by the Culture Shock Adaptation Inventory was not significantly correlated with reentry adjustment.","abstract_html":"This study examined the U-Curve Hypothesis for sojourner reentry adjustment by using a time series design with 6 biweekly time waves during reentry. Study abroad students (n = 62) returned to their US homes and then to college after 3 months overseas. A US-based control group (n = 21) returned to college on the same time schedule. Adjustment difficulties were measured by the Global Severity Index (GSI) from the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). As expected, both measures were significantly negatively correlated with the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Exploratory data analysis and growth curve trend analysis did not support the U-Curve for reentry adjustment at either the individual or group levels. Contrary to hypothesis, groups did not experience reentry maladjustment in inverse proportion to their host country's Gross National Product per capita. Controls were significantly higher than the combined overseas groups for GSI week-3 after returning, and for both GSI and CES-D week-9. Previous experience living overseas was significantly positively correlated with reentry difficulties during reentry to college. In addition, the proportion who reported depressive symptomatology (CES-D $>$ 15) during at least one time wave was not associated with country of sojourn ($\\chi\\sp2$ = 3.21, df = 4, p =.524). The overseas group had a significantly higher percentage (48%) above the CES-D criterion compared to the US controls (15%) the first week after returning home ($\\chi\\sp2$ = 6.88, df = 1, p.009), whereas the controls had a higher percentage than the overseas students (50% vs. 20%, respectively) the third week after returning to college ($\\chi\\sp2$ = 4.84, df = 1, p =.028). Adaptation of sojourners overseas as measured by the Culture Shock Adaptation Inventory was not significantly correlated with reentry adjustment.","abstract_has_math":true,"creators":["Nafziger, Kenneth Lee"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Education","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Harmon, Lenore W."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-05-07T12:12:40Z","date_published":"2011-05-07T12:12:40Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:14Z","subjects":["Social Work","Education, Guidance and Counseling","Psychology, Clinical","Education, Higher"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Copyright 1996 Nafziger, Kenneth Lee"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["9780591198416","AAI9712384","(UMI)AAI9712384"],"render_values":[{"text":"9780591198416","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"AAI9712384","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"(UMI)AAI9712384","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19600","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Harmon, Lenore W."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Nafziger, Kenneth Lee"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2011-05-07T12:12:40Z","10000-01-01","1996"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Education"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Social Work","Education, Guidance and Counseling","Psychology, Clinical","Education, Higher"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 1996 Nafziger, Kenneth Lee"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["9780591198416","AAI9712384","(UMI)AAI9712384","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19600"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["This study examined the U-Curve Hypothesis for sojourner reentry adjustment by using a time series design with 6 biweekly time waves during reentry. Study abroad students (n = 62) returned to their US homes and then to college after 3 months overseas. A US-based control group (n = 21) returned to college on the same time schedule. Adjustment difficulties were measured by the Global Severity Index (GSI) from the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). As expected, both measures were significantly negatively correlated with the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Exploratory data analysis and growth curve trend analysis did not support the U-Curve for reentry adjustment at either the individual or group levels. Contrary to hypothesis, groups did not experience reentry maladjustment in inverse proportion to their host country's Gross National Product per capita. Controls were significantly higher than the combined overseas groups for GSI week-3 after returning, and for both GSI and CES-D week-9. Previous experience living overseas was significantly positively correlated with reentry difficulties during reentry to college. In addition, the proportion who reported depressive symptomatology (CES-D $>$ 15) during at least one time wave was not associated with country of sojourn ($\\chi\\sp2$ = 3.21, df = 4, p =.524). The overseas group had a significantly higher percentage (48%) above the CES-D criterion compared to the US controls (15%) the first week after returning home ($\\chi\\sp2$ = 6.88, df = 1, p.009), whereas the controls had a higher percentage than the overseas students (50% vs. 20%, respectively) the third week after returning to college ($\\chi\\sp2$ = 4.84, df = 1, p =.028). Adaptation of sojourners overseas as measured by the Culture Shock Adaptation Inventory was not significantly correlated with reentry adjustment.","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:12:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 9712384.pdf: 4789721 bytes, checksum: 7b6fa8ccfb6a9cdf8d7537d05d889e74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:38:09Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:15:51-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","U of I Only"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Reentry adjustment of short-term student sojourners: A test of the U-curve hypothesis"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Harmon, Lenore W."],"dc:creator":["Nafziger, Kenneth Lee"],"dc:date":["2011-05-07T12:12:40Z","10000-01-01","1996"],"dc:description":["This study examined the U-Curve Hypothesis for sojourner reentry adjustment by using a time series design with 6 biweekly time waves during reentry. Study abroad students (n = 62) returned to their US homes and then to college after 3 months overseas. A US-based control group (n = 21) returned to college on the same time schedule. Adjustment difficulties were measured by the Global Severity Index (GSI) from the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). As expected, both measures were significantly negatively correlated with the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Exploratory data analysis and growth curve trend analysis did not support the U-Curve for reentry adjustment at either the individual or group levels. Contrary to hypothesis, groups did not experience reentry maladjustment in inverse proportion to their host country's Gross National Product per capita. Controls were significantly higher than the combined overseas groups for GSI week-3 after returning, and for both GSI and CES-D week-9. Previous experience living overseas was significantly positively correlated with reentry difficulties during reentry to college. In addition, the proportion who reported depressive symptomatology (CES-D $>$ 15) during at least one time wave was not associated with country of sojourn ($\\chi\\sp2$ = 3.21, df = 4, p =.524). The overseas group had a significantly higher percentage (48%) above the CES-D criterion compared to the US controls (15%) the first week after returning home ($\\chi\\sp2$ = 6.88, df = 1, p.009), whereas the controls had a higher percentage than the overseas students (50% vs. 20%, respectively) the third week after returning to college ($\\chi\\sp2$ = 4.84, df = 1, p =.028). Adaptation of sojourners overseas as measured by the Culture Shock Adaptation Inventory was not significantly correlated with reentry adjustment.","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:12:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 9712384.pdf: 4789721 bytes, checksum: 7b6fa8ccfb6a9cdf8d7537d05d889e74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:38:09Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:15:51-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","U of I Only"],"dc:identifier":["9780591198416","AAI9712384","(UMI)AAI9712384","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19600"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 1996 Nafziger, Kenneth Lee"],"dc:subject":["Social Work","Education, Guidance and Counseling","Psychology, Clinical","Education, Higher"],"dc:title":["Reentry adjustment of short-term student sojourners: A test of the U-curve hypothesis"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Education"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:14Z"}