{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/19552"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/19552","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Evaluation of nitrogen availability indices","abstract":"Both economic and environmental concerns dictate that N fertilizer be applied to optimize crop production and minimize potential for movement of N into surface and/or ground water resources. Field and laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate factors affecting the reliability of recommendations from three N availability indices and four laboratory methods to measure extractable organic N (EON), and the accuracy and repeatability of the Horiba Cardy Nitrate meter in determining NO$\\sb3$-N content in soils and solution.","abstract_html":"Both economic and environmental concerns dictate that N fertilizer be applied to optimize crop production and minimize potential for movement of N into surface and/or ground water resources. Field and laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate factors affecting the reliability of recommendations from three N availability indices and four laboratory methods to measure extractable organic N (EON), and the accuracy and repeatability of the Horiba Cardy Nitrate meter in determining NO$\\sb3$-N content in soils and solution.","abstract_has_math":true,"creators":["Brown, Howard Martin"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Agronomy","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Hoeft, Robert G."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-05-07T12:11:12Z","date_published":"2011-05-07T12:11:12Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:14Z","subjects":["Agriculture, Agronomy","Chemistry, Agricultural"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Copyright 1996 Brown, Howard Martin"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["9780591197471","AAI9712206","(UMI)AAI9712206"],"render_values":[{"text":"9780591197471","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"AAI9712206","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"(UMI)AAI9712206","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19552","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Hoeft, Robert G."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Brown, Howard Martin"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2011-05-07T12:11:12Z","10000-01-01","1996"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Agronomy"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Agriculture, Agronomy","Chemistry, Agricultural"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 1996 Brown, Howard Martin"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["9780591197471","AAI9712206","(UMI)AAI9712206","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19552"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Both economic and environmental concerns dictate that N fertilizer be applied to optimize crop production and minimize potential for movement of N into surface and/or ground water resources. Field and laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate factors affecting the reliability of recommendations from three N availability indices and four laboratory methods to measure extractable organic N (EON), and the accuracy and repeatability of the Horiba Cardy Nitrate meter in determining NO$\\sb3$-N content in soils and solution.","Factors influencing the reliability of three N availability indices, Proven Yield Nitrogen (PYN), Presidedress Nitrate Test (PSNT), and Preplant Nitrate Test (PPNT), were evaluated at 76 sites from 1990-1992. Only 43 of the 76 sites responded to N fertilizer. Of the remaining 33 nonresponding sites, 15 could not be explained by previous crop, manure applications, or environmental conditions. The PYN system provided an adequate N recommendation compared to the PSNT and PPNT for the N-responsive sites. The use of the PSNT or PPNT improved N recommendations over that from the PYN on soils with a history of manure application or residual N.","Reports of near optimal yields with little or no additional N fertilizer provides reason to find a laboratory method to predict a soil's responsiveness to N fertilizer. Four laboratory methods were evaluated for their ability to measure the fraction of soil organic N that is readily available to the growing crop. Soil samples collected from N-rate study sites were used in the evaluation (responding and nonresponding sites).","The heated KCl method best predicted N responsiveness of the soils evaluated. Twelve of 16 nonresponsive soils were correctly characterized using this method.","\"A quick, reliable way for \"\"on-site\"\" determination of soil NO$\\sb3$-N would assist adoption of availability indices that allow credit for the concentration of NO$\\sb3$-N in the soil profile before a N fertilizer application. A hand-held NO$\\sb3$-meter was evaluated for analytical accuracy and precision through N recovery tests using 12 surface soils and through comparison to conventional NO$\\sb3$-N determinations involving KC1 extractions and steam distillation. Meter response to interfering ions was also evaluated.\"","Analyses of 12 surface soils for NO$\\sb3$-N using the Horiba Cardy NO, meter were in close agreement with results obtained using KC1 extraction-steam distillation. Interference by C1, NO$\\sb2$, and HCO$\\sb3$ were observed at low NO$\\sb3$-N concentrations, but were minimized with the use of an extraction solution containing 20 mg L$\\sp{-1}$ of NO$\\sb3$-N. The Horiba Cardy NO$\\sb3$-meter is thus a reliable tool for rapid estimation of soil and solution NO$\\sb3$-N concentrations.","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:11:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 9712206.pdf: 3807349 bytes, checksum: 42a59a9263001326f1ef277076d0ee88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:37:48Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:15:37-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","U of I Only"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Evaluation of nitrogen availability indices"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Hoeft, Robert G."],"dc:creator":["Brown, Howard Martin"],"dc:date":["2011-05-07T12:11:12Z","10000-01-01","1996"],"dc:description":["Both economic and environmental concerns dictate that N fertilizer be applied to optimize crop production and minimize potential for movement of N into surface and/or ground water resources. Field and laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate factors affecting the reliability of recommendations from three N availability indices and four laboratory methods to measure extractable organic N (EON), and the accuracy and repeatability of the Horiba Cardy Nitrate meter in determining NO$\\sb3$-N content in soils and solution.","Factors influencing the reliability of three N availability indices, Proven Yield Nitrogen (PYN), Presidedress Nitrate Test (PSNT), and Preplant Nitrate Test (PPNT), were evaluated at 76 sites from 1990-1992. Only 43 of the 76 sites responded to N fertilizer. Of the remaining 33 nonresponding sites, 15 could not be explained by previous crop, manure applications, or environmental conditions. The PYN system provided an adequate N recommendation compared to the PSNT and PPNT for the N-responsive sites. The use of the PSNT or PPNT improved N recommendations over that from the PYN on soils with a history of manure application or residual N.","Reports of near optimal yields with little or no additional N fertilizer provides reason to find a laboratory method to predict a soil's responsiveness to N fertilizer. Four laboratory methods were evaluated for their ability to measure the fraction of soil organic N that is readily available to the growing crop. Soil samples collected from N-rate study sites were used in the evaluation (responding and nonresponding sites).","The heated KCl method best predicted N responsiveness of the soils evaluated. Twelve of 16 nonresponsive soils were correctly characterized using this method.","\"A quick, reliable way for \"\"on-site\"\" determination of soil NO$\\sb3$-N would assist adoption of availability indices that allow credit for the concentration of NO$\\sb3$-N in the soil profile before a N fertilizer application. A hand-held NO$\\sb3$-meter was evaluated for analytical accuracy and precision through N recovery tests using 12 surface soils and through comparison to conventional NO$\\sb3$-N determinations involving KC1 extractions and steam distillation. Meter response to interfering ions was also evaluated.\"","Analyses of 12 surface soils for NO$\\sb3$-N using the Horiba Cardy NO, meter were in close agreement with results obtained using KC1 extraction-steam distillation. Interference by C1, NO$\\sb2$, and HCO$\\sb3$ were observed at low NO$\\sb3$-N concentrations, but were minimized with the use of an extraction solution containing 20 mg L$\\sp{-1}$ of NO$\\sb3$-N. The Horiba Cardy NO$\\sb3$-meter is thus a reliable tool for rapid estimation of soil and solution NO$\\sb3$-N concentrations.","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:11:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 9712206.pdf: 3807349 bytes, checksum: 42a59a9263001326f1ef277076d0ee88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:37:48Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:15:37-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","U of I Only"],"dc:identifier":["9780591197471","AAI9712206","(UMI)AAI9712206","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19552"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 1996 Brown, Howard Martin"],"dc:subject":["Agriculture, Agronomy","Chemistry, Agricultural"],"dc:title":["Evaluation of nitrogen availability indices"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Agronomy"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:14Z"}