{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/19429"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/19429","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"White River Group diagenesis","abstract":"The geochemical characteristics of paleofluids in the White River Group played a vital role in controlling zeolitic alteration as well as the formation of calcretes. The White River Group is a terrestrially deposited sequence of mid-Tertiary age in the northern Rocky Mountains and Great Plains of North America.","abstract_html":"The geochemical characteristics of paleofluids in the White River Group played a vital role in controlling zeolitic alteration as well as the formation of calcretes. The White River Group is a terrestrially deposited sequence of mid-Tertiary age in the northern Rocky Mountains and Great Plains of North America.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Lander, Robert Hal"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Geology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Hay, Richard L."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-05-07T12:07:14Z","date_published":"2011-05-07T12:07:14Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:12Z","subjects":["Geology","Hydrology","Agriculture, Soil Science","Geochemistry"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Copyright 1991 Lander, Robert Hal"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["AAI9124449","(UMI)AAI9124449"],"render_values":[{"text":"AAI9124449","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"(UMI)AAI9124449","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19429","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Hay, Richard L."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Lander, Robert Hal"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2011-05-07T12:07:14Z","10000-01-01","1991"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Geology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Geology","Hydrology","Agriculture, Soil Science","Geochemistry"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 1991 Lander, Robert Hal"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["AAI9124449","(UMI)AAI9124449","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19429"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["The geochemical characteristics of paleofluids in the White River Group played a vital role in controlling zeolitic alteration as well as the formation of calcretes. The White River Group is a terrestrially deposited sequence of mid-Tertiary age in the northern Rocky Mountains and Great Plains of North America.","\"Calcretes are planar accumulations of fine-grained calcite that range from 10 cm to 2 m in thickness and are laterally persistent over distances up to tens of kilometers. Calcretes probably formed near the groundwater table shortly after burial in response to the mixing of fluids derived from soils with alkaline groundwaters. This interpretation can account for the apparently contradictory evidence for derivation of calcium and carbonate species from soils but lack of soil calcrete morphology. In addition, it is consistent with the large degree of buffering of calcite $\\delta\\sp{13}$C and $\\delta\\sp{18}$O compositions, the magnitude of calcium mass fluxes, the lack of direct association of pedoturbation and calcite cementation, and the similarity of White River Group calcretes to other \"\"groundwater\"\" calcretes.\"","While many localities have been unaffected by zeolitic alteration, extensive zeolite deposits occur in the northern Great Plains as well as in two localities in Wyoming. Zeolitization in the Wyoming localities resulted from hydrologic systems centered around groundwater discharge zones. In the clay-rich facies of the northern Great Plains, zeolite formed due to high fluid residence times.","Compared to glass-rich portions, altered tuffs in the Douglas, WY area show decreases in porosity on the order of 2 to 4 times (from 40 to 12%) and in permeability of 4 to 5 orders of magnitude (from 35 to 10$\\sp{-4}$ md). Mass flux into altered tuffs is indicated by an increase in bulk rock density from 1.3 g/cm$\\sp3$ for glassy tuff to 1.7 and 2.0 g/cm$\\sp3$, respectively, for its zeolitic and siliceous counterparts. Silica largely accounts for the density increase by mass/volume increases of 9% and 32% in zeolitic and silceous zones, respectively.","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:07:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 9124449.pdf: 7135161 bytes, checksum: e8da93faada0d936584441961b511365 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1991","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:36:54Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:15:03-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","U of I Only"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["White River Group diagenesis"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Hay, Richard L."],"dc:creator":["Lander, Robert Hal"],"dc:date":["2011-05-07T12:07:14Z","10000-01-01","1991"],"dc:description":["The geochemical characteristics of paleofluids in the White River Group played a vital role in controlling zeolitic alteration as well as the formation of calcretes. The White River Group is a terrestrially deposited sequence of mid-Tertiary age in the northern Rocky Mountains and Great Plains of North America.","\"Calcretes are planar accumulations of fine-grained calcite that range from 10 cm to 2 m in thickness and are laterally persistent over distances up to tens of kilometers. Calcretes probably formed near the groundwater table shortly after burial in response to the mixing of fluids derived from soils with alkaline groundwaters. This interpretation can account for the apparently contradictory evidence for derivation of calcium and carbonate species from soils but lack of soil calcrete morphology. In addition, it is consistent with the large degree of buffering of calcite $\\delta\\sp{13}$C and $\\delta\\sp{18}$O compositions, the magnitude of calcium mass fluxes, the lack of direct association of pedoturbation and calcite cementation, and the similarity of White River Group calcretes to other \"\"groundwater\"\" calcretes.\"","While many localities have been unaffected by zeolitic alteration, extensive zeolite deposits occur in the northern Great Plains as well as in two localities in Wyoming. Zeolitization in the Wyoming localities resulted from hydrologic systems centered around groundwater discharge zones. In the clay-rich facies of the northern Great Plains, zeolite formed due to high fluid residence times.","Compared to glass-rich portions, altered tuffs in the Douglas, WY area show decreases in porosity on the order of 2 to 4 times (from 40 to 12%) and in permeability of 4 to 5 orders of magnitude (from 35 to 10$\\sp{-4}$ md). Mass flux into altered tuffs is indicated by an increase in bulk rock density from 1.3 g/cm$\\sp3$ for glassy tuff to 1.7 and 2.0 g/cm$\\sp3$, respectively, for its zeolitic and siliceous counterparts. Silica largely accounts for the density increase by mass/volume increases of 9% and 32% in zeolitic and silceous zones, respectively.","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:07:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 9124449.pdf: 7135161 bytes, checksum: e8da93faada0d936584441961b511365 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1991","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:36:54Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:15:03-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","U of I Only"],"dc:identifier":["AAI9124449","(UMI)AAI9124449","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19429"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 1991 Lander, Robert Hal"],"dc:subject":["Geology","Hydrology","Agriculture, Soil Science","Geochemistry"],"dc:title":["White River Group diagenesis"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Geology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:12Z"}