{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/19285"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/19285","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Electron microscopic studies of mitotic chromosomes in yeast","abstract":"Yeast are highly genetically manipulatable organisms which have been used successfully as model systems to determine many of the components involved in cell processes such as cell cycle control and secretion. One of the unresolved problems in yeast cell biology is whether or not the chromosomes of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, condense during mitosis and, if they do, to what extent they are condensed.","abstract_html":"Yeast are highly genetically manipulatable organisms which have been used successfully as model systems to determine many of the components involved in cell processes such as cell cycle control and secretion. One of the unresolved problems in yeast cell biology is whether or not the chromosomes of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, condense during mitosis and, if they do, to what extent they are condensed.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Sakane, Holly Masae"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Biochemistry","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Widom, Jonathan"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-05-07T12:02:46Z","date_published":"2011-05-07T12:02:46Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:12Z","subjects":["Biology, Cell","Biology, Microbiology","Chemistry, Biochemistry"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Copyright 1995 Sakane, Holly Masae"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["AAI9624478","(UMI)AAI9624478"],"render_values":[{"text":"AAI9624478","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"(UMI)AAI9624478","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19285","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Widom, Jonathan"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Sakane, Holly Masae"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2011-05-07T12:02:46Z","10000-01-01","1995"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Biochemistry"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Biology, Cell","Biology, Microbiology","Chemistry, Biochemistry"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 1995 Sakane, Holly Masae"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["AAI9624478","(UMI)AAI9624478","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19285"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Yeast are highly genetically manipulatable organisms which have been used successfully as model systems to determine many of the components involved in cell processes such as cell cycle control and secretion. One of the unresolved problems in yeast cell biology is whether or not the chromosomes of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, condense during mitosis and, if they do, to what extent they are condensed.","In this thesis, I demonstrate the presence of electron dense objects in various preparations of S. cerevisiae cells for electron microscopy. These electron dense objects appear to be the condensed mitotic chromosomes of this yeast. They are very similar in appearance to chromosomes visualized in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Additionally similar objects have been visualized in lightly-fixed, low-temperature embedded cells. These objects have been labeled with antibodies against histone H2B and DNA presenting evidence that these are the condensed mitotic chromosomes of this yeast. This is the first direct visualization of the condensed mitotic chromosomes of S. cerevisiae.","To further study these chromosomes, they have been reconstructed using serial thin sections in the electron microscope to obtain a three-dimensional view of these objects. The structures observed vary in width from 30 nm to 160 nm (typically with widths of 80 nm) and can be traced within and between sections as they form objects which look similar to condensed chromosomes seen in higher eukaryotic cells. This is the first analysis of the condensed mitotic chromosomes of S. cerevisiae in three dimensions. In the study, there are hints that the chromosomes may form a metaphase plate and that filaments found within the nucleus are involved in the positioning of chromosomes at mitosis.","Finally, methods were developed for visualizing and analyzing isolated mitotic chromosomes in the yeasts, S. pombe and S. cerevisiae. Chromosomes were visualized by adsorbing them to grids and expanding them gently. Both yeast contain chromatin fibers which are on the order of 25 nm. In addition, fibers containing nucleosomes could be observed. Mitotic chromosomes from both yeast were shown to label with antibodies directed against histone H2B and DNA This demonstrates that condensed mitotic chromosomes from both yeast can be isolated. In addition, the similarity of their substructure to those of higher eukaryotic cells indicates that the chromatin folding which they undergo is similar to that which occurs in higher eukaryotic cells at the early levels of folding.","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:02:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 9624478.pdf: 6329780 bytes, checksum: 1fdfe1a9f6093e0a86f5830483f06b5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:35:55Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:14:20-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","U of I Only"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Electron microscopic studies of mitotic chromosomes in yeast"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Widom, Jonathan"],"dc:creator":["Sakane, Holly Masae"],"dc:date":["2011-05-07T12:02:46Z","10000-01-01","1995"],"dc:description":["Yeast are highly genetically manipulatable organisms which have been used successfully as model systems to determine many of the components involved in cell processes such as cell cycle control and secretion. One of the unresolved problems in yeast cell biology is whether or not the chromosomes of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, condense during mitosis and, if they do, to what extent they are condensed.","In this thesis, I demonstrate the presence of electron dense objects in various preparations of S. cerevisiae cells for electron microscopy. These electron dense objects appear to be the condensed mitotic chromosomes of this yeast. They are very similar in appearance to chromosomes visualized in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Additionally similar objects have been visualized in lightly-fixed, low-temperature embedded cells. These objects have been labeled with antibodies against histone H2B and DNA presenting evidence that these are the condensed mitotic chromosomes of this yeast. This is the first direct visualization of the condensed mitotic chromosomes of S. cerevisiae.","To further study these chromosomes, they have been reconstructed using serial thin sections in the electron microscope to obtain a three-dimensional view of these objects. The structures observed vary in width from 30 nm to 160 nm (typically with widths of 80 nm) and can be traced within and between sections as they form objects which look similar to condensed chromosomes seen in higher eukaryotic cells. This is the first analysis of the condensed mitotic chromosomes of S. cerevisiae in three dimensions. In the study, there are hints that the chromosomes may form a metaphase plate and that filaments found within the nucleus are involved in the positioning of chromosomes at mitosis.","Finally, methods were developed for visualizing and analyzing isolated mitotic chromosomes in the yeasts, S. pombe and S. cerevisiae. Chromosomes were visualized by adsorbing them to grids and expanding them gently. Both yeast contain chromatin fibers which are on the order of 25 nm. In addition, fibers containing nucleosomes could be observed. Mitotic chromosomes from both yeast were shown to label with antibodies directed against histone H2B and DNA This demonstrates that condensed mitotic chromosomes from both yeast can be isolated. In addition, the similarity of their substructure to those of higher eukaryotic cells indicates that the chromatin folding which they undergo is similar to that which occurs in higher eukaryotic cells at the early levels of folding.","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:02:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 9624478.pdf: 6329780 bytes, checksum: 1fdfe1a9f6093e0a86f5830483f06b5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:35:55Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:14:20-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","U of I Only"],"dc:identifier":["AAI9624478","(UMI)AAI9624478","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19285"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 1995 Sakane, Holly Masae"],"dc:subject":["Biology, Cell","Biology, Microbiology","Chemistry, Biochemistry"],"dc:title":["Electron microscopic studies of mitotic chromosomes in yeast"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Biochemistry"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:12Z"}