{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/19006"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/19006","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"An examination of positive and negative complementarity across the stages of successful counseling","abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine whether positive and negative complementarity patterns that emerge across the stages of counseling were related to therapy outcome. A replicated N of I design was employed in which three therapists each contributed tapes from one successful and one less successful case. Outcome was determined by ratings obtained from both clients and counselors using the Follow-up Questionnaire on Individual Counseling and the Counseling Outcome Measure (Gelso & Johnson, 1983). Speaking turns from clients and counselors were rated using the Interpersonal Communications Rating Scale (ICRS) (Strong, Hills, & Nelson, 1988) to identify complementarity patterns. Positive (i.e., friendly) and negative (i.e., hostile) antecedents on the ICRS were used to differentiate positive from negative complementarity. A log-linear analysis (including the following variables: type of complementarity (complementary, acomplementary, or anticomplementary), antecedent (positive vs. negative), role of first speaker (client or therapist), stage of counseling, outcome, and counselor) was used to identify which combinations of variables provided the best explanation of the data. A pattern of high-low-high positive complementarity across the stages of counseling was hypothesized for successful dyads. A pattern of low-moderate-low was hypothesized for negative complementarity. Results failed to support the hypothesized patterns of complementarity, however, several significant differences were related to outcome. Successful dyads were characterized by significantly higher levels of positive complementarity and negative anticomplementarity. In general, the beginning stage of successful counseling was characterized by more acomplementary responding more positive (i.e., friendly) interactions. The middle stage of therapy was characterized by a significant increase in complementary responding and a trend toward increased levels of highly challenging anticomplementary responding that suggested a working through period. Findings revealed higher levels of negative responses and negative complementarity than expected. Implications of these findings and ideas about future research are presented.","abstract_html":"The purpose of this study was to determine whether positive and negative complementarity patterns that emerge across the stages of counseling were related to therapy outcome. A replicated N of I design was employed in which three therapists each contributed tapes from one successful and one less successful case. Outcome was determined by ratings obtained from both clients and counselors using the Follow-up Questionnaire on Individual Counseling and the Counseling Outcome Measure (Gelso & Johnson, 1983). Speaking turns from clients and counselors were rated using the Interpersonal Communications Rating Scale (ICRS) (Strong, Hills, & Nelson, 1988) to identify complementarity patterns. Positive (i.e., friendly) and negative (i.e., hostile) antecedents on the ICRS were used to differentiate positive from negative complementarity. A log-linear analysis (including the following variables: type of complementarity (complementary, acomplementary, or anticomplementary), antecedent (positive vs. negative), role of first speaker (client or therapist), stage of counseling, outcome, and counselor) was used to identify which combinations of variables provided the best explanation of the data. A pattern of high-low-high positive complementarity across the stages of counseling was hypothesized for successful dyads. A pattern of low-moderate-low was hypothesized for negative complementarity. Results failed to support the hypothesized patterns of complementarity, however, several significant differences were related to outcome. Successful dyads were characterized by significantly higher levels of positive complementarity and negative anticomplementarity. In general, the beginning stage of successful counseling was characterized by more acomplementary responding more positive (i.e., friendly) interactions. The middle stage of therapy was characterized by a significant increase in complementary responding and a trend toward increased levels of highly challenging anticomplementary responding that suggested a working through period. Findings revealed higher levels of negative responses and negative complementarity than expected. Implications of these findings and ideas about future research are presented.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Hays, Kimberly A."],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Education","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Tracey, Terence J."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-05-07T11:54:07Z","date_published":"2011-05-07T11:54:07Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:12Z","subjects":["Education","Clinical Psychology","Guidance and Counseling"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Copyright 1991 Hays, Kimberly A."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["AAI9136613","(UMI)AAI9136613"],"render_values":[{"text":"AAI9136613","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"(UMI)AAI9136613","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19006","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Tracey, Terence J."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hays, Kimberly A."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2011-05-07T11:54:07Z","10000-01-01","1991"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Education"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Education","Clinical Psychology","Guidance and Counseling"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 1991 Hays, Kimberly A."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["AAI9136613","(UMI)AAI9136613","http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19006"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["The purpose of this study was to determine whether positive and negative complementarity patterns that emerge across the stages of counseling were related to therapy outcome. A replicated N of I design was employed in which three therapists each contributed tapes from one successful and one less successful case. Outcome was determined by ratings obtained from both clients and counselors using the Follow-up Questionnaire on Individual Counseling and the Counseling Outcome Measure (Gelso & Johnson, 1983). Speaking turns from clients and counselors were rated using the Interpersonal Communications Rating Scale (ICRS) (Strong, Hills, & Nelson, 1988) to identify complementarity patterns. Positive (i.e., friendly) and negative (i.e., hostile) antecedents on the ICRS were used to differentiate positive from negative complementarity. A log-linear analysis (including the following variables: type of complementarity (complementary, acomplementary, or anticomplementary), antecedent (positive vs. negative), role of first speaker (client or therapist), stage of counseling, outcome, and counselor) was used to identify which combinations of variables provided the best explanation of the data. A pattern of high-low-high positive complementarity across the stages of counseling was hypothesized for successful dyads. A pattern of low-moderate-low was hypothesized for negative complementarity. Results failed to support the hypothesized patterns of complementarity, however, several significant differences were related to outcome. Successful dyads were characterized by significantly higher levels of positive complementarity and negative anticomplementarity. In general, the beginning stage of successful counseling was characterized by more acomplementary responding more positive (i.e., friendly) interactions. 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No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5) 9136613.pdf: 10715867 bytes, checksum: aeac48672f789b35d8b73c1629604c2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 1991","Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding (hding2@illinois.edu) on 2011-05-07T14:34:01Z Item is restricted indefinitely.","Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:12:49-05:00 Original Data Group with Access UIUC Users [automated] Release Date: none Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permission","U of I Only"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["An examination of positive and negative complementarity across the stages of successful counseling"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Tracey, Terence J."],"dc:creator":["Hays, Kimberly A."],"dc:date":["2011-05-07T11:54:07Z","10000-01-01","1991"],"dc:description":["The purpose of this study was to determine whether positive and negative complementarity patterns that emerge across the stages of counseling were related to therapy outcome. A replicated N of I design was employed in which three therapists each contributed tapes from one successful and one less successful case. Outcome was determined by ratings obtained from both clients and counselors using the Follow-up Questionnaire on Individual Counseling and the Counseling Outcome Measure (Gelso & Johnson, 1983). Speaking turns from clients and counselors were rated using the Interpersonal Communications Rating Scale (ICRS) (Strong, Hills, & Nelson, 1988) to identify complementarity patterns. Positive (i.e., friendly) and negative (i.e., hostile) antecedents on the ICRS were used to differentiate positive from negative complementarity. A log-linear analysis (including the following variables: type of complementarity (complementary, acomplementary, or anticomplementary), antecedent (positive vs. negative), role of first speaker (client or therapist), stage of counseling, outcome, and counselor) was used to identify which combinations of variables provided the best explanation of the data. A pattern of high-low-high positive complementarity across the stages of counseling was hypothesized for successful dyads. A pattern of low-moderate-low was hypothesized for negative complementarity. Results failed to support the hypothesized patterns of complementarity, however, several significant differences were related to outcome. Successful dyads were characterized by significantly higher levels of positive complementarity and negative anticomplementarity. In general, the beginning stage of successful counseling was characterized by more acomplementary responding more positive (i.e., friendly) interactions. The middle stage of therapy was characterized by a significant increase in complementary responding and a trend toward increased levels of highly challenging anticomplementary responding that suggested a working through period. Findings revealed higher levels of negative responses and negative complementarity than expected. Implications of these findings and ideas about future research are presented.","Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T11:54:07Z (GMT). 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