{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/18591"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/18591","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"\"Selective speaking: The new form of \"\"Going Public\"\"\"","abstract":"The central assertion of the vast “going public” literature is that since the mid-1970s, the traditional strategy of executive-legislative bargaining has been largely supplanted by direct appeals from American presidents to the American public. In their attempt to analyze the causes and consequences of this use of presidential speeches, scholars have relied almost exclusively on analysis of major national addresses rather than the significantly more frequent minor addresses. Indeed, it is these minor presidential addresses that are most responsible for the exponential growth in presidential speechmaking activity during the modern presidency. Analyzing data of every presidential speech between 1945 and 2004, I present compelling empirical evidence that the “going public” strategy can be best understood by concentrating more attention on these minor addresses, specifically the audience of these minor addresses. Using what is arguably the most pointed and extensive treatment of the audience of minor addresses to date and an illustrative case study, I document a clear increase in the number of speeches by presidents to what I classify as more selective rather than public audiences. In addition to descriptive accounts of this paradigmatic shift in presidential speechmaking, negative binomial regression and multinomial logit models identify leading conditions that influence both the frequency and choice of speeches to various audience types, particularly selective audiences. The study concludes with a discussion of the normative implications of the empirical evidence.","abstract_html":"The central assertion of the vast “going public” literature is that since the mid-1970s, the traditional strategy of executive-legislative bargaining has been largely supplanted by direct appeals from American presidents to the American public. In their attempt to analyze the causes and consequences of this use of presidential speeches, scholars have relied almost exclusively on analysis of major national addresses rather than the significantly more frequent minor addresses. Indeed, it is these minor presidential addresses that are most responsible for the exponential growth in presidential speechmaking activity during the modern presidency. Analyzing data of every presidential speech between 1945 and 2004, I present compelling empirical evidence that the “going public” strategy can be best understood by concentrating more attention on these minor addresses, specifically the audience of these minor addresses. Using what is arguably the most pointed and extensive treatment of the audience of minor addresses to date and an illustrative case study, I document a clear increase in the number of speeches by presidents to what I classify as more selective rather than public audiences. In addition to descriptive accounts of this paradigmatic shift in presidential speechmaking, negative binomial regression and multinomial logit models identify leading conditions that influence both the frequency and choice of speeches to various audience types, particularly selective audiences. The study concludes with a discussion of the normative implications of the empirical evidence.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Roberts, Brian"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Political Science","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Gaines, Brian J.","Althaus, Scott L.","Tewksbury, David H.","Quirk, Paul"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-01-21T22:50:58Z","date_published":"2011-01-21T22:50:58Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:11Z","subjects":["going public","presidential communication","presidential leadership","permanent campaign","presidential rhetoric"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2010 Brian Roberts"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/18591","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Gaines, Brian J.","Althaus, Scott L.","Tewksbury, David H.","Quirk, Paul"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Roberts, Brian"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2011-01-21T22:50:58Z","2013-01-22T11:00:20Z","2010-12"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Political Science"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["going public","presidential communication","presidential leadership","permanent campaign","presidential rhetoric"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2010 Brian Roberts"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/18591"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["The central assertion of the vast “going public” literature is that since the mid-1970s, the traditional strategy of executive-legislative bargaining has been largely supplanted by direct appeals from American presidents to the American public. In their attempt to analyze the causes and consequences of this use of presidential speeches, scholars have relied almost exclusively on analysis of major national addresses rather than the significantly more frequent minor addresses. Indeed, it is these minor presidential addresses that are most responsible for the exponential growth in presidential speechmaking activity during the modern presidency. Analyzing data of every presidential speech between 1945 and 2004, I present compelling empirical evidence that the “going public” strategy can be best understood by concentrating more attention on these minor addresses, specifically the audience of these minor addresses. Using what is arguably the most pointed and extensive treatment of the audience of minor addresses to date and an illustrative case study, I document a clear increase in the number of speeches by presidents to what I classify as more selective rather than public audiences. In addition to descriptive accounts of this paradigmatic shift in presidential speechmaking, negative binomial regression and multinomial logit models identify leading conditions that influence both the frequency and choice of speeches to various audience types, particularly selective audiences. The study concludes with a discussion of the normative implications of the empirical evidence.","Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf (zulauf@illinois.edu) on 2010-11-23T15:50:15Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1) No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberts_Brian.pdf: 4281397 bytes, checksum: 5348aca719953c8c75519a259b3ae4ac (MD5)","Made available in DSpace on 2011-01-21T22:50:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Roberts_Brian.pdf: 7383086 bytes, checksum: de0f8faa990d437c8b7937cb88019ae7 (MD5) license.txt: 4069 bytes, checksum: 3d62e6013606d890c63dc86775e2ccd7 (MD5)","Item marked as restricted to the 'Administrator' Group (id=1) by William Ingram (wingram2@illinois.edu) on 2011-01-21T22:53:41Z Item is restricted until 2013-01-21T22:53:34Z","Item reinstated by Sarah Shreeves (sshreeve@illinois.edu) on 2013-01-22T11:00:20Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Dissertations and Theses (ID: 204) Dissertations and Theses - Political Science (ID: 644) No. of bitstreams: 3 Roberts_Brian.pdf.txt: 419792 bytes, checksum: 96e826780802664378e8430b79de2220 (MD5) Roberts_Brian.pdf: 7383086 bytes, checksum: de0f8faa990d437c8b7937cb88019ae7 (MD5) license.txt: 4069 bytes, checksum: 3d62e6013606d890c63dc86775e2ccd7 (MD5)","Item released from any restrictions by Sarah Shreeves (sshreeve@illinois.edu) on 2013-01-22T11:00:20Z"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["\"Selective speaking: The new form of \"\"Going Public\"\"\""]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Gaines, Brian J.","Althaus, Scott L.","Tewksbury, David H.","Quirk, Paul"],"dc:creator":["Roberts, Brian"],"dc:date":["2011-01-21T22:50:58Z","2013-01-22T11:00:20Z","2010-12"],"dc:description":["The central assertion of the vast “going public” literature is that since the mid-1970s, the traditional strategy of executive-legislative bargaining has been largely supplanted by direct appeals from American presidents to the American public. In their attempt to analyze the causes and consequences of this use of presidential speeches, scholars have relied almost exclusively on analysis of major national addresses rather than the significantly more frequent minor addresses. Indeed, it is these minor presidential addresses that are most responsible for the exponential growth in presidential speechmaking activity during the modern presidency. Analyzing data of every presidential speech between 1945 and 2004, I present compelling empirical evidence that the “going public” strategy can be best understood by concentrating more attention on these minor addresses, specifically the audience of these minor addresses. Using what is arguably the most pointed and extensive treatment of the audience of minor addresses to date and an illustrative case study, I document a clear increase in the number of speeches by presidents to what I classify as more selective rather than public audiences. In addition to descriptive accounts of this paradigmatic shift in presidential speechmaking, negative binomial regression and multinomial logit models identify leading conditions that influence both the frequency and choice of speeches to various audience types, particularly selective audiences. The study concludes with a discussion of the normative implications of the empirical evidence.","Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf (zulauf@illinois.edu) on 2010-11-23T15:50:15Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1) No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberts_Brian.pdf: 4281397 bytes, checksum: 5348aca719953c8c75519a259b3ae4ac (MD5)","Made available in DSpace on 2011-01-21T22:50:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Roberts_Brian.pdf: 7383086 bytes, checksum: de0f8faa990d437c8b7937cb88019ae7 (MD5) license.txt: 4069 bytes, checksum: 3d62e6013606d890c63dc86775e2ccd7 (MD5)","Item marked as restricted to the 'Administrator' Group (id=1) by William Ingram (wingram2@illinois.edu) on 2011-01-21T22:53:41Z Item is restricted until 2013-01-21T22:53:34Z","Item reinstated by Sarah Shreeves (sshreeve@illinois.edu) on 2013-01-22T11:00:20Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Dissertations and Theses (ID: 204) Dissertations and Theses - Political Science (ID: 644) No. of bitstreams: 3 Roberts_Brian.pdf.txt: 419792 bytes, checksum: 96e826780802664378e8430b79de2220 (MD5) Roberts_Brian.pdf: 7383086 bytes, checksum: de0f8faa990d437c8b7937cb88019ae7 (MD5) license.txt: 4069 bytes, checksum: 3d62e6013606d890c63dc86775e2ccd7 (MD5)","Item released from any restrictions by Sarah Shreeves (sshreeve@illinois.edu) on 2013-01-22T11:00:20Z"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/18591"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2010 Brian Roberts"],"dc:subject":["going public","presidential communication","presidential leadership","permanent campaign","presidential rhetoric"],"dc:title":["\"Selective speaking: The new form of \"\"Going Public\"\"\""],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Political Science"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:11Z"}