{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/18227"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/18227","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Radiation of strongly interacting particles by thermal sources: Violation of the Stefan-Boltzmann law","abstract":"This thesis discusses a gas around a thermal source that emits particles with a temperature that is high enough for the emitted particles to self-interact. Particles emitted from a hot thermal source by means of Hawking radiation could self- interact. With such strong interactions, the Stefan-Boltzmann law would not accurately describe the properties of the radiation. This thesis discusses two different regions of a strongly interacting gas around a thermal source: the region where the gas can be accurately described by a perfect fluid in a strong gravitational field, and where the gas freezes out due to an increasing mean free path. Here we show that properties of radiation would change due to self-interaction of such gas, and as the interaction weakens due to increasing mean free path of the particles, parameters of the gas change rapidly, which indicates that the gas freezes out. The temperature of self- interacting radiation becomes lower in both perfect fluid region and freezeout region. The temperature measured at infinity is lower than the temperature of non-interacting radiation approximately by a factor of two. The result shows that a thermal source surrounded by a strongly interacting gas would seem colder than when self-interaction of the particles is not taken into account, and that such strongly-interacting radiation would go through a rapid change in its parameters such as temperature and fluid velocity.","abstract_html":"This thesis discusses a gas around a thermal source that emits particles with a temperature that is high enough for the emitted particles to self-interact. Particles emitted from a hot thermal source by means of Hawking radiation could self- interact. With such strong interactions, the Stefan-Boltzmann law would not accurately describe the properties of the radiation. This thesis discusses two different regions of a strongly interacting gas around a thermal source: the region where the gas can be accurately described by a perfect fluid in a strong gravitational field, and where the gas freezes out due to an increasing mean free path. Here we show that properties of radiation would change due to self-interaction of such gas, and as the interaction weakens due to increasing mean free path of the particles, parameters of the gas change rapidly, which indicates that the gas freezes out. The temperature of self- interacting radiation becomes lower in both perfect fluid region and freezeout region. The temperature measured at infinity is lower than the temperature of non-interacting radiation approximately by a factor of two. The result shows that a thermal source surrounded by a strongly interacting gas would seem colder than when self-interaction of the particles is not taken into account, and that such strongly-interacting radiation would go through a rapid change in its parameters such as temperature and fluid velocity.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Kircher, Keiko I."],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Physics","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Baym, Gordon A.","Thaler, Jonathan J.","Stone, Michael","Hubler, Alfred W."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-01-14T22:40:34Z","date_published":"2011-01-14T22:40:34Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:09Z","subjects":["Freezeout","Hawking Temperature"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2010 Keiko I. Kircher"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/18227","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Baym, Gordon A.","Thaler, Jonathan J.","Stone, Michael","Hubler, Alfred W."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Kircher, Keiko I."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2011-01-14T22:40:34Z","2010-12"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Physics"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Freezeout","Hawking Temperature"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2010 Keiko I. 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Here we show that properties of radiation would change due to self-interaction of such gas, and as the interaction weakens due to increasing mean free path of the particles, parameters of the gas change rapidly, which indicates that the gas freezes out. The temperature of self- interacting radiation becomes lower in both perfect fluid region and freezeout region. The temperature measured at infinity is lower than the temperature of non-interacting radiation approximately by a factor of two. The result shows that a thermal source surrounded by a strongly interacting gas would seem colder than when self-interaction of the particles is not taken into account, and that such strongly-interacting radiation would go through a rapid change in its parameters such as temperature and fluid velocity.","Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf (zulauf@illinois.edu) on 2010-08-23T13:48:02Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1) No. of bitstreams: 1 Kircher_Keiko.pdf: 482808 bytes, checksum: 4cc063f976cdfa75a3913de544d3e6ae (MD5)","Made available in DSpace on 2011-01-14T22:40:34Z (GMT). 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This thesis discusses two different regions of a strongly interacting gas around a thermal source: the region where the gas can be accurately described by a perfect fluid in a strong gravitational field, and where the gas freezes out due to an increasing mean free path. Here we show that properties of radiation would change due to self-interaction of such gas, and as the interaction weakens due to increasing mean free path of the particles, parameters of the gas change rapidly, which indicates that the gas freezes out. The temperature of self- interacting radiation becomes lower in both perfect fluid region and freezeout region. The temperature measured at infinity is lower than the temperature of non-interacting radiation approximately by a factor of two. The result shows that a thermal source surrounded by a strongly interacting gas would seem colder than when self-interaction of the particles is not taken into account, and that such strongly-interacting radiation would go through a rapid change in its parameters such as temperature and fluid velocity.","Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf (zulauf@illinois.edu) on 2010-08-23T13:48:02Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1) No. of bitstreams: 1 Kircher_Keiko.pdf: 482808 bytes, checksum: 4cc063f976cdfa75a3913de544d3e6ae (MD5)","Made available in DSpace on 2011-01-14T22:40:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Kircher_Keiko.pdf: 482806 bytes, checksum: df95a65da52dc5292b632b41f7dc966d (MD5) license.txt: 4063 bytes, checksum: 7727456d34bec49d2cc6f296f09d492c (MD5)"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/18227"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2010 Keiko I. Kircher"],"dc:subject":["Freezeout","Hawking Temperature"],"dc:title":["Radiation of strongly interacting particles by thermal sources: Violation of the Stefan-Boltzmann law"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Physics"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:09Z"}