{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/16136"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/16136","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Effects of microbial phytase on the standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in soybean meal, corn, and corn co-products","abstract":"Six experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of microbial phytase on the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in soybean meal (SBM), corn, and corn co-products. The objective of Exp. 1 was to measure the STTD of P in SBM, corn, and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) without and with the addition of microbial phytase (Optiphos 2000, Enzyvia, Sheridan, IN). Two SBM based diets, 2 corn based diets, and 2 DDGS based diets were formulated to contain microbial phytase at a level of 0 or 500 phytase units (FTU) per kg. Soybean meal, corn, and DDGS were the only sources of P in the diets. A P-free diet was also formulated to measure the basal endogenous P losses (EPL) from pigs. Addition of phytase improved (P < 0.01) the STTD of P in SBM and corn, but did not improve the STTD of P in DDGS. Values measured for the STTD of P in Exp. 1 were used to formulate diets that were used in Exp. 2 and 3. The objectives of Exp. 2 and 3 were to test the hypothesis that pigs fed diets that are equal in STTD of P will perform equally well regardless of the concentration of total P in the diets, and that the addition of microbial phytase, DDGS, or a combination of phytase and DDGS will result in a reduction in P excretion. Four corn-SBM based diets were formulated and used in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 levels of phytase (0 or 500 FTU/kg) and 2 levels of DDGS (0 or 20%). All diets contained 0.32% STTD P according to the STTD values that were measured in Exp. 1. Experiment 2 was a growth performance study. Results showed that inclusion of phytase to the diet containing no DDGS tended (P < 0.10) to decrease G:F, but inclusion of 20% DDGS to the diets tended (P < 0.10) to increase ADG, ADFI, and final BW. Experiment 3 was a P balance study in which the 4 diets from Exp. 2 were used. Phytase and DDGS increased (P < 0.01) the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P in the diets. Absorption of P was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed corn-SBM-DDGS diets than for pigs fed corn-SBM diets, and phytase, DDGS, or the combination of phytase and DDGS, reduced (P < 0.01) P excretion. In Exp. 4 and 5, the objectives were to test the effect of a novel bacterial 6-phytase expressed in a strain of Aspergillus oryzae (Ronozyme HiPhos, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) on the ATTD of P in corn-SBM diets fed to weanling and growing pigs, and to estimate the minimum level of phytase needed to maximize the ATTD of P. For both experiments, 6 diets were formulated (positive control, negative control, and negative control + 4 levels of microbial phytase). Addition of phytase to the diets increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01) the ATTD of P in corn-SBM diets fed to both weanling and growing pigs. For weanling pigs the breakpoint for ATTD of P (68.4%) was reached at a phytase inclusion level of 1,016 FTU/kg, whereas for growing pigs the breakpoint for the ATTD of P (69.1%) was reached at a phytase inclusion level of 801 FTU/kg. In Exp. 6, the objectives were to measure the effects of graded levels of microbial phytase on the STTD of P in corn, DDGS, high protein distillers dried grains (HP-DDG), and corn germ, and to develop regression equations to predict the response of adding phytase to each of these ingredients. Four corn based diets, 4 DDGS based diets, 4 HP-DDG based diets, and 4 corn germ based diets were formulated to contain 0, 500, 1,000, or 1,500 FTU/kg (Optiphos 2000, Enzyvia, Sheridan, IN) within each ingredient. A P-free diet was also formulated to measure the basal endogenous P losses. Addition of phytase increased (linear, P < 0.01; quadratic, P < 0.05) the STTD of P in corn and HP-DDG, increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01) the STTD of P in corn germ, and tended to increase (linear, P =0.07) the STTD of P in DDGS. Regression equations for the effect of added microbial phytase on the STTD of P in corn, HP-DDG, and corn germ were developed, and these equations may be used to predict the STTD of P in each ingredient when phytase is supplemented to diets that contain these ingredients.","abstract_html":"Six experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of microbial phytase on the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in soybean meal (SBM), corn, and corn co-products. The objective of Exp. 1 was to measure the STTD of P in SBM, corn, and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) without and with the addition of microbial phytase (Optiphos 2000, Enzyvia, Sheridan, IN). Two SBM based diets, 2 corn based diets, and 2 DDGS based diets were formulated to contain microbial phytase at a level of 0 or 500 phytase units (FTU) per kg. Soybean meal, corn, and DDGS were the only sources of P in the diets. A P-free diet was also formulated to measure the basal endogenous P losses (EPL) from pigs. Addition of phytase improved (P &lt; 0.01) the STTD of P in SBM and corn, but did not improve the STTD of P in DDGS. Values measured for the STTD of P in Exp. 1 were used to formulate diets that were used in Exp. 2 and 3. The objectives of Exp. 2 and 3 were to test the hypothesis that pigs fed diets that are equal in STTD of P will perform equally well regardless of the concentration of total P in the diets, and that the addition of microbial phytase, DDGS, or a combination of phytase and DDGS will result in a reduction in P excretion. Four corn-SBM based diets were formulated and used in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 levels of phytase (0 or 500 FTU/kg) and 2 levels of DDGS (0 or 20%). All diets contained 0.32% STTD P according to the STTD values that were measured in Exp. 1. Experiment 2 was a growth performance study. Results showed that inclusion of phytase to the diet containing no DDGS tended (P &lt; 0.10) to decrease G:F, but inclusion of 20% DDGS to the diets tended (P &lt; 0.10) to increase ADG, ADFI, and final BW. Experiment 3 was a P balance study in which the 4 diets from Exp. 2 were used. Phytase and DDGS increased (P &lt; 0.01) the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P in the diets. Absorption of P was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for pigs fed corn-SBM-DDGS diets than for pigs fed corn-SBM diets, and phytase, DDGS, or the combination of phytase and DDGS, reduced (P &lt; 0.01) P excretion. In Exp. 4 and 5, the objectives were to test the effect of a novel bacterial 6-phytase expressed in a strain of Aspergillus oryzae (Ronozyme HiPhos, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) on the ATTD of P in corn-SBM diets fed to weanling and growing pigs, and to estimate the minimum level of phytase needed to maximize the ATTD of P. For both experiments, 6 diets were formulated (positive control, negative control, and negative control + 4 levels of microbial phytase). Addition of phytase to the diets increased (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.01) the ATTD of P in corn-SBM diets fed to both weanling and growing pigs. For weanling pigs the breakpoint for ATTD of P (68.4%) was reached at a phytase inclusion level of 1,016 FTU/kg, whereas for growing pigs the breakpoint for the ATTD of P (69.1%) was reached at a phytase inclusion level of 801 FTU/kg. In Exp. 6, the objectives were to measure the effects of graded levels of microbial phytase on the STTD of P in corn, DDGS, high protein distillers dried grains (HP-DDG), and corn germ, and to develop regression equations to predict the response of adding phytase to each of these ingredients. Four corn based diets, 4 DDGS based diets, 4 HP-DDG based diets, and 4 corn germ based diets were formulated to contain 0, 500, 1,000, or 1,500 FTU/kg (Optiphos 2000, Enzyvia, Sheridan, IN) within each ingredient. A P-free diet was also formulated to measure the basal endogenous P losses. Addition of phytase increased (linear, P &lt; 0.01; quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) the STTD of P in corn and HP-DDG, increased (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.01) the STTD of P in corn germ, and tended to increase (linear, P =0.07) the STTD of P in DDGS. Regression equations for the effect of added microbial phytase on the STTD of P in corn, HP-DDG, and corn germ were developed, and these equations may be used to predict the STTD of P in each ingredient when phytase is supplemented to diets that contain these ingredients.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Almeida, Ferdinando"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Animal Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Stein, Hans H."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2010,"date_issued":"2010-05-19T18:38:27Z","date_published":"2010-05-19T18:38:27Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:08Z","subjects":["digestibility","endogenous losses","phosphorus","phytase","pig"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2010 Ferdinando N. Almeida"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/16136","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Stein, Hans H."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Almeida, Ferdinando"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2010-05-19T18:38:27Z","2010-5"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Animal Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["digestibility","endogenous losses","phosphorus","phytase","pig"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2010 Ferdinando N. Almeida"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/16136"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Six experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of microbial phytase on the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in soybean meal (SBM), corn, and corn co-products. The objective of Exp. 1 was to measure the STTD of P in SBM, corn, and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) without and with the addition of microbial phytase (Optiphos 2000, Enzyvia, Sheridan, IN). Two SBM based diets, 2 corn based diets, and 2 DDGS based diets were formulated to contain microbial phytase at a level of 0 or 500 phytase units (FTU) per kg. Soybean meal, corn, and DDGS were the only sources of P in the diets. A P-free diet was also formulated to measure the basal endogenous P losses (EPL) from pigs. Addition of phytase improved (P < 0.01) the STTD of P in SBM and corn, but did not improve the STTD of P in DDGS. Values measured for the STTD of P in Exp. 1 were used to formulate diets that were used in Exp. 2 and 3. The objectives of Exp. 2 and 3 were to test the hypothesis that pigs fed diets that are equal in STTD of P will perform equally well regardless of the concentration of total P in the diets, and that the addition of microbial phytase, DDGS, or a combination of phytase and DDGS will result in a reduction in P excretion. Four corn-SBM based diets were formulated and used in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 levels of phytase (0 or 500 FTU/kg) and 2 levels of DDGS (0 or 20%). All diets contained 0.32% STTD P according to the STTD values that were measured in Exp. 1. Experiment 2 was a growth performance study. Results showed that inclusion of phytase to the diet containing no DDGS tended (P < 0.10) to decrease G:F, but inclusion of 20% DDGS to the diets tended (P < 0.10) to increase ADG, ADFI, and final BW. Experiment 3 was a P balance study in which the 4 diets from Exp. 2 were used. Phytase and DDGS increased (P < 0.01) the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P in the diets. Absorption of P was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed corn-SBM-DDGS diets than for pigs fed corn-SBM diets, and phytase, DDGS, or the combination of phytase and DDGS, reduced (P < 0.01) P excretion. In Exp. 4 and 5, the objectives were to test the effect of a novel bacterial 6-phytase expressed in a strain of Aspergillus oryzae (Ronozyme HiPhos, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) on the ATTD of P in corn-SBM diets fed to weanling and growing pigs, and to estimate the minimum level of phytase needed to maximize the ATTD of P. For both experiments, 6 diets were formulated (positive control, negative control, and negative control + 4 levels of microbial phytase). Addition of phytase to the diets increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01) the ATTD of P in corn-SBM diets fed to both weanling and growing pigs. For weanling pigs the breakpoint for ATTD of P (68.4%) was reached at a phytase inclusion level of 1,016 FTU/kg, whereas for growing pigs the breakpoint for the ATTD of P (69.1%) was reached at a phytase inclusion level of 801 FTU/kg. In Exp. 6, the objectives were to measure the effects of graded levels of microbial phytase on the STTD of P in corn, DDGS, high protein distillers dried grains (HP-DDG), and corn germ, and to develop regression equations to predict the response of adding phytase to each of these ingredients. Four corn based diets, 4 DDGS based diets, 4 HP-DDG based diets, and 4 corn germ based diets were formulated to contain 0, 500, 1,000, or 1,500 FTU/kg (Optiphos 2000, Enzyvia, Sheridan, IN) within each ingredient. A P-free diet was also formulated to measure the basal endogenous P losses. Addition of phytase increased (linear, P < 0.01; quadratic, P < 0.05) the STTD of P in corn and HP-DDG, increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01) the STTD of P in corn germ, and tended to increase (linear, P =0.07) the STTD of P in DDGS. Regression equations for the effect of added microbial phytase on the STTD of P in corn, HP-DDG, and corn germ were developed, and these equations may be used to predict the STTD of P in each ingredient when phytase is supplemented to diets that contain these ingredients.","Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf (zulauf@illinois.edu) on 2010-04-14T14:48:38Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1) No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_Ferdinando.pdf: 906092 bytes, checksum: 4b348b646499b25a89395c51336f39ef (MD5)","Made available in DSpace on 2010-05-19T18:38:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Almeida_Ferdinando.pdf: 906092 bytes, checksum: 4b348b646499b25a89395c51336f39ef (MD5) 1_Almeida_Ferdinando.pdf: 905629 bytes, checksum: 45732d1493f204533e7645943a37a05d (MD5) license.txt: 4068 bytes, checksum: d7496156a2050ef859f05a05bdd947d2 (MD5)","Removed middle initial for Almeida to match other deposited items. Metdata cleaned/updated by kappleg2@illinois.edu 2015-5-13."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Effects of microbial phytase on the standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in soybean meal, corn, and corn co-products"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Stein, Hans H."],"dc:creator":["Almeida, Ferdinando"],"dc:date":["2010-05-19T18:38:27Z","2010-5"],"dc:description":["Six experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of microbial phytase on the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in soybean meal (SBM), corn, and corn co-products. The objective of Exp. 1 was to measure the STTD of P in SBM, corn, and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) without and with the addition of microbial phytase (Optiphos 2000, Enzyvia, Sheridan, IN). Two SBM based diets, 2 corn based diets, and 2 DDGS based diets were formulated to contain microbial phytase at a level of 0 or 500 phytase units (FTU) per kg. Soybean meal, corn, and DDGS were the only sources of P in the diets. A P-free diet was also formulated to measure the basal endogenous P losses (EPL) from pigs. Addition of phytase improved (P < 0.01) the STTD of P in SBM and corn, but did not improve the STTD of P in DDGS. Values measured for the STTD of P in Exp. 1 were used to formulate diets that were used in Exp. 2 and 3. The objectives of Exp. 2 and 3 were to test the hypothesis that pigs fed diets that are equal in STTD of P will perform equally well regardless of the concentration of total P in the diets, and that the addition of microbial phytase, DDGS, or a combination of phytase and DDGS will result in a reduction in P excretion. Four corn-SBM based diets were formulated and used in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 levels of phytase (0 or 500 FTU/kg) and 2 levels of DDGS (0 or 20%). All diets contained 0.32% STTD P according to the STTD values that were measured in Exp. 1. Experiment 2 was a growth performance study. Results showed that inclusion of phytase to the diet containing no DDGS tended (P < 0.10) to decrease G:F, but inclusion of 20% DDGS to the diets tended (P < 0.10) to increase ADG, ADFI, and final BW. Experiment 3 was a P balance study in which the 4 diets from Exp. 2 were used. Phytase and DDGS increased (P < 0.01) the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P in the diets. Absorption of P was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed corn-SBM-DDGS diets than for pigs fed corn-SBM diets, and phytase, DDGS, or the combination of phytase and DDGS, reduced (P < 0.01) P excretion. In Exp. 4 and 5, the objectives were to test the effect of a novel bacterial 6-phytase expressed in a strain of Aspergillus oryzae (Ronozyme HiPhos, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) on the ATTD of P in corn-SBM diets fed to weanling and growing pigs, and to estimate the minimum level of phytase needed to maximize the ATTD of P. For both experiments, 6 diets were formulated (positive control, negative control, and negative control + 4 levels of microbial phytase). Addition of phytase to the diets increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01) the ATTD of P in corn-SBM diets fed to both weanling and growing pigs. For weanling pigs the breakpoint for ATTD of P (68.4%) was reached at a phytase inclusion level of 1,016 FTU/kg, whereas for growing pigs the breakpoint for the ATTD of P (69.1%) was reached at a phytase inclusion level of 801 FTU/kg. In Exp. 6, the objectives were to measure the effects of graded levels of microbial phytase on the STTD of P in corn, DDGS, high protein distillers dried grains (HP-DDG), and corn germ, and to develop regression equations to predict the response of adding phytase to each of these ingredients. Four corn based diets, 4 DDGS based diets, 4 HP-DDG based diets, and 4 corn germ based diets were formulated to contain 0, 500, 1,000, or 1,500 FTU/kg (Optiphos 2000, Enzyvia, Sheridan, IN) within each ingredient. A P-free diet was also formulated to measure the basal endogenous P losses. Addition of phytase increased (linear, P < 0.01; quadratic, P < 0.05) the STTD of P in corn and HP-DDG, increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01) the STTD of P in corn germ, and tended to increase (linear, P =0.07) the STTD of P in DDGS. Regression equations for the effect of added microbial phytase on the STTD of P in corn, HP-DDG, and corn germ were developed, and these equations may be used to predict the STTD of P in each ingredient when phytase is supplemented to diets that contain these ingredients.","Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf (zulauf@illinois.edu) on 2010-04-14T14:48:38Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1) No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_Ferdinando.pdf: 906092 bytes, checksum: 4b348b646499b25a89395c51336f39ef (MD5)","Made available in DSpace on 2010-05-19T18:38:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Almeida_Ferdinando.pdf: 906092 bytes, checksum: 4b348b646499b25a89395c51336f39ef (MD5) 1_Almeida_Ferdinando.pdf: 905629 bytes, checksum: 45732d1493f204533e7645943a37a05d (MD5) license.txt: 4068 bytes, checksum: d7496156a2050ef859f05a05bdd947d2 (MD5)","Removed middle initial for Almeida to match other deposited items. Metdata cleaned/updated by kappleg2@illinois.edu 2015-5-13."],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/16136"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2010 Ferdinando N. Almeida"],"dc:subject":["digestibility","endogenous losses","phosphorus","phytase","pig"],"dc:title":["Effects of microbial phytase on the standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in soybean meal, corn, and corn co-products"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Animal Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:08Z"}