{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/15994"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/15994","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"The role of pathogens in the decline of North American bumble bees with a focus on the microsporidium nosema bombi","abstract":"Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf (zulauf@illinois.edu) on 2010-04-20T14:52:15Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1) No. of bitstreams: 2 Cordes_Nils.doc: 3626496 bytes, checksum: 86797c1b3922ba9db556d864d1fbcf8b (MD5) Cordes_Nils.pdf: 2655395 bytes, checksum: 4e7bcaf42c0752cf09a3c0d7a5b675b8 (MD5)","abstract_html":"Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf (zulauf@illinois.edu) on 2010-04-20T14:52:15Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1) No. of bitstreams: 2 Cordes_Nils.doc: 3626496 bytes, checksum: 86797c1b3922ba9db556d864d1fbcf8b (MD5) Cordes_Nils.pdf: 2655395 bytes, checksum: 4e7bcaf42c0752cf09a3c0d7a5b675b8 (MD5)","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Cordes, Nils"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Entomology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Solter, Leellen F."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2010,"date_issued":"2010-05-18T18:55:32Z","date_published":"2010-05-18T18:55:32Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:08Z","subjects":["Bumble bee decline","Bombus sp.","Nosema bombi","Crithidia bombi"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2010 Nils Cordes"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/15994","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Solter, Leellen F."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Cordes, Nils"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2010-05-18T18:55:32Z","2012-05-19T10:00:15Z","2010-5"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Entomology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Bumble bee decline","Bombus sp.","Nosema bombi","Crithidia bombi"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2010 Nils Cordes"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/15994"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf (zulauf@illinois.edu) on 2010-04-20T14:52:15Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1) No. of bitstreams: 2 Cordes_Nils.doc: 3626496 bytes, checksum: 86797c1b3922ba9db556d864d1fbcf8b (MD5) Cordes_Nils.pdf: 2655395 bytes, checksum: 4e7bcaf42c0752cf09a3c0d7a5b675b8 (MD5)","Made available in DSpace on 2010-05-18T18:55:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Cordes_Nils.doc: 3626496 bytes, checksum: 86797c1b3922ba9db556d864d1fbcf8b (MD5) Cordes_Nils.pdf: 2655395 bytes, checksum: 4e7bcaf42c0752cf09a3c0d7a5b675b8 (MD5) license.txt: 4060 bytes, checksum: 72d6f732f2742f362b7722822e52c675 (MD5)","Item marked as restricted to the 'Administrator' Group (id=1) by William Ingram (wingram2@illinois.edu) on 2010-05-18T18:56:42Z Item is restricted until 2012-05-18T18:56:42Z","Several bumble bee species in North America appear to have undergone rapid declines in abundance and distribution. Bombus franklini is probably extinct; B. occidentalis and B. affinis currently are experiencing extensive range reductions; and a shift in the range of B. pensylvanicus indicates a similar trend. In an unprecedented survey, 9,909 specimens of 36 bumble bee species in 38 states were collected and evaluated for presence of pathogens, but I focused on the microsporidium Nosema bombi and its prevalence in two putatively declining species, B. occidentalis and B. pensylvanicus, and four stable species, B. impatiens, B. bimaculatus, B. bifarius and B. vosnesenskii. Crithidia bombi, a protozoan bumble bee pathogen was common in some species, particularly B. mixtus, B. impatiens and B. bimaculatus. It was present in 2.6% of all examined specimens and occurred across most of the United States. Nosema bombi was recovered from 2.9% of all collected specimens. It was present in bumble bee populations in 26 of the surveyed states, predominantly in B. occidentalis (37%) and B. pensylvanicus (15.2%), the species considered to be declining. N. bombi infections occurred in these two hosts in more than 40% of surveyed sites, significantly more than for other hosts. Recovered N. bombi isolates were genetically identical to European strains. The only variation in the pathogen among host species was found in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene, indicating the presence of multiple alleles and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that may be unique to North American bumble bee species. Slight variation in infectivity was documented, with only B. occidentalis bees developing infections after oral inoculations. It is still unclear whether N. bombi is contributing to population declines, but correlation of declining species and pathogen prevalence suggest higher susceptibility of these host species. The findings of this thesis support the hypothesis that N. bombi is Holarctic in distribution.","Item reinstated by Sarah Shreeves (sshreeve@illinois.edu) on 2012-05-19T10:00:15Z Item was in collections: Dissertations and Theses by Prairie Research Institute Graduate Students (ID: 814) University of Illinois Dissertations and Theses (ID: 204) Dissertations and Theses - Entomology (ID: 742) No. of bitstreams: 4 Cordes_Nils.pdf.txt: 193126 bytes, checksum: a288c127f7e1731ea802bd74c6c63084 (MD5) Cordes_Nils.doc: 3626496 bytes, checksum: 86797c1b3922ba9db556d864d1fbcf8b (MD5) Cordes_Nils.pdf: 2655395 bytes, checksum: 4e7bcaf42c0752cf09a3c0d7a5b675b8 (MD5) license.txt: 4060 bytes, checksum: 72d6f732f2742f362b7722822e52c675 (MD5)","Item released from any restrictions by Sarah Shreeves (sshreeve@illinois.edu) on 2012-05-19T10:00:15Z"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The role of pathogens in the decline of North American bumble bees with a focus on the microsporidium nosema bombi"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Solter, Leellen F."],"dc:creator":["Cordes, Nils"],"dc:date":["2010-05-18T18:55:32Z","2012-05-19T10:00:15Z","2010-5"],"dc:description":["Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf (zulauf@illinois.edu) on 2010-04-20T14:52:15Z Item was in collections: University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1) No. of bitstreams: 2 Cordes_Nils.doc: 3626496 bytes, checksum: 86797c1b3922ba9db556d864d1fbcf8b (MD5) Cordes_Nils.pdf: 2655395 bytes, checksum: 4e7bcaf42c0752cf09a3c0d7a5b675b8 (MD5)","Made available in DSpace on 2010-05-18T18:55:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Cordes_Nils.doc: 3626496 bytes, checksum: 86797c1b3922ba9db556d864d1fbcf8b (MD5) Cordes_Nils.pdf: 2655395 bytes, checksum: 4e7bcaf42c0752cf09a3c0d7a5b675b8 (MD5) license.txt: 4060 bytes, checksum: 72d6f732f2742f362b7722822e52c675 (MD5)","Item marked as restricted to the 'Administrator' Group (id=1) by William Ingram (wingram2@illinois.edu) on 2010-05-18T18:56:42Z Item is restricted until 2012-05-18T18:56:42Z","Several bumble bee species in North America appear to have undergone rapid declines in abundance and distribution. Bombus franklini is probably extinct; B. occidentalis and B. affinis currently are experiencing extensive range reductions; and a shift in the range of B. pensylvanicus indicates a similar trend. In an unprecedented survey, 9,909 specimens of 36 bumble bee species in 38 states were collected and evaluated for presence of pathogens, but I focused on the microsporidium Nosema bombi and its prevalence in two putatively declining species, B. occidentalis and B. pensylvanicus, and four stable species, B. impatiens, B. bimaculatus, B. bifarius and B. vosnesenskii. Crithidia bombi, a protozoan bumble bee pathogen was common in some species, particularly B. mixtus, B. impatiens and B. bimaculatus. It was present in 2.6% of all examined specimens and occurred across most of the United States. Nosema bombi was recovered from 2.9% of all collected specimens. It was present in bumble bee populations in 26 of the surveyed states, predominantly in B. occidentalis (37%) and B. pensylvanicus (15.2%), the species considered to be declining. N. bombi infections occurred in these two hosts in more than 40% of surveyed sites, significantly more than for other hosts. Recovered N. bombi isolates were genetically identical to European strains. The only variation in the pathogen among host species was found in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene, indicating the presence of multiple alleles and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that may be unique to North American bumble bee species. Slight variation in infectivity was documented, with only B. occidentalis bees developing infections after oral inoculations. It is still unclear whether N. bombi is contributing to population declines, but correlation of declining species and pathogen prevalence suggest higher susceptibility of these host species. The findings of this thesis support the hypothesis that N. bombi is Holarctic in distribution.","Item reinstated by Sarah Shreeves (sshreeve@illinois.edu) on 2012-05-19T10:00:15Z Item was in collections: Dissertations and Theses by Prairie Research Institute Graduate Students (ID: 814) University of Illinois Dissertations and Theses (ID: 204) Dissertations and Theses - Entomology (ID: 742) No. of bitstreams: 4 Cordes_Nils.pdf.txt: 193126 bytes, checksum: a288c127f7e1731ea802bd74c6c63084 (MD5) Cordes_Nils.doc: 3626496 bytes, checksum: 86797c1b3922ba9db556d864d1fbcf8b (MD5) Cordes_Nils.pdf: 2655395 bytes, checksum: 4e7bcaf42c0752cf09a3c0d7a5b675b8 (MD5) license.txt: 4060 bytes, checksum: 72d6f732f2742f362b7722822e52c675 (MD5)","Item released from any restrictions by Sarah Shreeves (sshreeve@illinois.edu) on 2012-05-19T10:00:15Z"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/2142/15994"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2010 Nils Cordes"],"dc:subject":["Bumble bee decline","Bombus sp.","Nosema bombi","Crithidia bombi"],"dc:title":["The role of pathogens in the decline of North American bumble bees with a focus on the microsporidium nosema bombi"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Entomology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:08Z"}