{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/132739"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/132739","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Impact of grain boundary character on the radiation-induced segregation morphology in proton-irradiated 316L austenitic stainless steel","abstract":"Radiation-induced segregation (RIS) is a non-equilibrium kinetic phenomenon that occurs as a result of radiation damage and leads to the local depletion or enrichment of atoms at point-defect sinks such as grain boundaries and dislocation loops in metallic alloys. This segregation can be so strong that it leads to radiation-induced precipitation at these sinks. Segregation and precipitation at these microstructural features can result in the degradation of structural materials' properties. Large research efforts have been dedicated to understanding and controlling these undesirable microstructural evolutions. RIS has been rationalized via the diffusion of the point defects generated during the radiation bombardment, their coupling to the solute atoms in the alloy, and their subsequent migration and elimination at point defect sinks. Throughout the past literature dedicated to RIS, it has frequently been assumed, explicitly or implicitly, that grain boundaries and their corresponding point defect absorption efficiency remain unaffected by the accumulation of radiation damage. This is most relevant to coherent 3 twin boundaries, which are assumed to be poor point defect sinks owing to their well-ordered local structure, and therefore free of RIS. As a result, grain boundary engineering of steels with high fractions of twin boundaries has been proposed as a way to prevent the formation of segregated GB networks. There are, however, publications that report non-negligible RIS at twin boundaries. This thesis explores experimentally the impact of grain boundary character on the development of radiation-induced segregation (RIS) in 316L austenitic steel irradiated with 2 MeV protons at 360C and focuses on ascertaining the validity of the aforementioned assumption regarding a GB’s radiation-independent defect absorption efficiency. Electron backscatter diffraction is employed to select grain boundaries, and an additional pole figure analysis is implemented to select well-aligned 3{111} coherent twin boundaries. The local RIS at captured GBs is characterized in a two-pronged experimental approach utilizing both energy-dispersive spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM-EDS) and atom probe tomography (APT). Key STEM-EDS results reveal that RIS can develop at coherent 3 twin boundaries on a similar magnitude as high-angle grain boundaries, and further APT analysis demonstrates that the morphology of RIS at coherent twin boundaries is heterogeneous, in contrast to the homogeneous segregation observed at high-angle grain boundaries. The ensemble of these results supports the hypothesis that grain boundary sink efficiency can evolve under irradiation through damage accumulation at and near coherent twin boundaries. This may have important implications for intergranular stress corrosion cracking studies, grain boundary engineering proposals, and future predictive studies on the microstructural evolution in irradiated alloys.","abstract_html":"Radiation-induced segregation (RIS) is a non-equilibrium kinetic phenomenon that occurs as a result of radiation damage and leads to the local depletion or enrichment of atoms at point-defect sinks such as grain boundaries and dislocation loops in metallic alloys. This segregation can be so strong that it leads to radiation-induced precipitation at these sinks. Segregation and precipitation at these microstructural features can result in the degradation of structural materials' properties. Large research efforts have been dedicated to understanding and controlling these undesirable microstructural evolutions. RIS has been rationalized via the diffusion of the point defects generated during the radiation bombardment, their coupling to the solute atoms in the alloy, and their subsequent migration and elimination at point defect sinks. Throughout the past literature dedicated to RIS, it has frequently been assumed, explicitly or implicitly, that grain boundaries and their corresponding point defect absorption efficiency remain unaffected by the accumulation of radiation damage. This is most relevant to coherent 3 twin boundaries, which are assumed to be poor point defect sinks owing to their well-ordered local structure, and therefore free of RIS. As a result, grain boundary engineering of steels with high fractions of twin boundaries has been proposed as a way to prevent the formation of segregated GB networks. There are, however, publications that report non-negligible RIS at twin boundaries. This thesis explores experimentally the impact of grain boundary character on the development of radiation-induced segregation (RIS) in 316L austenitic steel irradiated with 2 MeV protons at 360C and focuses on ascertaining the validity of the aforementioned assumption regarding a GB’s radiation-independent defect absorption efficiency. Electron backscatter diffraction is employed to select grain boundaries, and an additional pole figure analysis is implemented to select well-aligned 3{111} coherent twin boundaries. The local RIS at captured GBs is characterized in a two-pronged experimental approach utilizing both energy-dispersive spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM-EDS) and atom probe tomography (APT). Key STEM-EDS results reveal that RIS can develop at coherent 3 twin boundaries on a similar magnitude as high-angle grain boundaries, and further APT analysis demonstrates that the morphology of RIS at coherent twin boundaries is heterogeneous, in contrast to the homogeneous segregation observed at high-angle grain boundaries. The ensemble of these results supports the hypothesis that grain boundary sink efficiency can evolve under irradiation through damage accumulation at and near coherent twin boundaries. This may have important implications for intergranular stress corrosion cracking studies, grain boundary engineering proposals, and future predictive studies on the microstructural evolution in irradiated alloys.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Wonner, Sara Katlyn"],"institution":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Materials Science & Engr","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Bellon, Pascal","Averback, Robert","Heuser, Brent","Charpagne, Marie","Devaraj, Arun"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025-12","date_published":"2025-12","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:07Z","subjects":["Radiation-Induced Segregation","Proton-Irradiation","Steel","Nuclear Materials Science","Transmission Electron Microscopy","Atom Probe Tomography"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2025 Sara Wonner"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2142/132739","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Bellon, Pascal","Averback, Robert","Heuser, Brent","Charpagne, Marie","Devaraj, Arun"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Wonner, Sara Katlyn"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2025-12","2025-09-16"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Materials Science & Engr"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Radiation-Induced Segregation","Proton-Irradiation","Steel","Nuclear Materials Science","Transmission Electron Microscopy","Atom Probe Tomography"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2025 Sara Wonner"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/132739"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Radiation-induced segregation (RIS) is a non-equilibrium kinetic phenomenon that occurs as a result of radiation damage and leads to the local depletion or enrichment of atoms at point-defect sinks such as grain boundaries and dislocation loops in metallic alloys. This segregation can be so strong that it leads to radiation-induced precipitation at these sinks. Segregation and precipitation at these microstructural features can result in the degradation of structural materials' properties. Large research efforts have been dedicated to understanding and controlling these undesirable microstructural evolutions. RIS has been rationalized via the diffusion of the point defects generated during the radiation bombardment, their coupling to the solute atoms in the alloy, and their subsequent migration and elimination at point defect sinks. Throughout the past literature dedicated to RIS, it has frequently been assumed, explicitly or implicitly, that grain boundaries and their corresponding point defect absorption efficiency remain unaffected by the accumulation of radiation damage. This is most relevant to coherent 3 twin boundaries, which are assumed to be poor point defect sinks owing to their well-ordered local structure, and therefore free of RIS. As a result, grain boundary engineering of steels with high fractions of twin boundaries has been proposed as a way to prevent the formation of segregated GB networks. There are, however, publications that report non-negligible RIS at twin boundaries. This thesis explores experimentally the impact of grain boundary character on the development of radiation-induced segregation (RIS) in 316L austenitic steel irradiated with 2 MeV protons at 360C and focuses on ascertaining the validity of the aforementioned assumption regarding a GB’s radiation-independent defect absorption efficiency. Electron backscatter diffraction is employed to select grain boundaries, and an additional pole figure analysis is implemented to select well-aligned 3{111} coherent twin boundaries. The local RIS at captured GBs is characterized in a two-pronged experimental approach utilizing both energy-dispersive spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM-EDS) and atom probe tomography (APT). Key STEM-EDS results reveal that RIS can develop at coherent 3 twin boundaries on a similar magnitude as high-angle grain boundaries, and further APT analysis demonstrates that the morphology of RIS at coherent twin boundaries is heterogeneous, in contrast to the homogeneous segregation observed at high-angle grain boundaries. The ensemble of these results supports the hypothesis that grain boundary sink efficiency can evolve under irradiation through damage accumulation at and near coherent twin boundaries. This may have important implications for intergranular stress corrosion cracking studies, grain boundary engineering proposals, and future predictive studies on the microstructural evolution in irradiated alloys.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2027-12-01","The student, Sara Wonner, accepted the attached license on 2025-09-13 at 19:42.","The student, Sara Wonner, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2025-09-13 at 19:57.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2025-09-16 at 09:43.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #22801 on 2026-02-19 at 20:08:16"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Impact of grain boundary character on the radiation-induced segregation morphology in proton-irradiated 316L austenitic stainless steel"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Bellon, Pascal","Averback, Robert","Heuser, Brent","Charpagne, Marie","Devaraj, Arun"],"dc:creator":["Wonner, Sara Katlyn"],"dc:date":["2025-12","2025-09-16"],"dc:description":["Radiation-induced segregation (RIS) is a non-equilibrium kinetic phenomenon that occurs as a result of radiation damage and leads to the local depletion or enrichment of atoms at point-defect sinks such as grain boundaries and dislocation loops in metallic alloys. This segregation can be so strong that it leads to radiation-induced precipitation at these sinks. Segregation and precipitation at these microstructural features can result in the degradation of structural materials' properties. Large research efforts have been dedicated to understanding and controlling these undesirable microstructural evolutions. RIS has been rationalized via the diffusion of the point defects generated during the radiation bombardment, their coupling to the solute atoms in the alloy, and their subsequent migration and elimination at point defect sinks. Throughout the past literature dedicated to RIS, it has frequently been assumed, explicitly or implicitly, that grain boundaries and their corresponding point defect absorption efficiency remain unaffected by the accumulation of radiation damage. This is most relevant to coherent 3 twin boundaries, which are assumed to be poor point defect sinks owing to their well-ordered local structure, and therefore free of RIS. As a result, grain boundary engineering of steels with high fractions of twin boundaries has been proposed as a way to prevent the formation of segregated GB networks. There are, however, publications that report non-negligible RIS at twin boundaries. This thesis explores experimentally the impact of grain boundary character on the development of radiation-induced segregation (RIS) in 316L austenitic steel irradiated with 2 MeV protons at 360C and focuses on ascertaining the validity of the aforementioned assumption regarding a GB’s radiation-independent defect absorption efficiency. Electron backscatter diffraction is employed to select grain boundaries, and an additional pole figure analysis is implemented to select well-aligned 3{111} coherent twin boundaries. The local RIS at captured GBs is characterized in a two-pronged experimental approach utilizing both energy-dispersive spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM-EDS) and atom probe tomography (APT). Key STEM-EDS results reveal that RIS can develop at coherent 3 twin boundaries on a similar magnitude as high-angle grain boundaries, and further APT analysis demonstrates that the morphology of RIS at coherent twin boundaries is heterogeneous, in contrast to the homogeneous segregation observed at high-angle grain boundaries. The ensemble of these results supports the hypothesis that grain boundary sink efficiency can evolve under irradiation through damage accumulation at and near coherent twin boundaries. This may have important implications for intergranular stress corrosion cracking studies, grain boundary engineering proposals, and future predictive studies on the microstructural evolution in irradiated alloys.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2027-12-01","The student, Sara Wonner, accepted the attached license on 2025-09-13 at 19:42.","The student, Sara Wonner, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2025-09-13 at 19:57.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2025-09-16 at 09:43.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #22801 on 2026-02-19 at 20:08:16"],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/132739"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2025 Sara Wonner"],"dc:subject":["Radiation-Induced Segregation","Proton-Irradiation","Steel","Nuclear Materials Science","Transmission Electron Microscopy","Atom Probe Tomography"],"dc:title":["Impact of grain boundary character on the radiation-induced segregation morphology in proton-irradiated 316L austenitic stainless steel"],"dc:type":["text","Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Materials Science & Engr"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:07Z"}