{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/132588"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/132588","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Effects of menopause and sex on shoulder complex tissue elasticity and pain-related outcomes","abstract":"Menopause is associated with substantial hormonal changes that impact musculoskeletal health, with menopausal females experiencing a high prevalence of shoulder pain and dysfunction. This study examined the effects of sex, menopause status, and pain-related disability on passive musculoskeletal tissue elasticity and mechanical pain sensitivity in the shoulder joint complex. Forty-six adults (92 shoulders) underwent bilateral ultrasound shear wave elastography imaging to quantify elasticity in the upper trapezius (UT2, UT3), supraspinatus (SUP), lateral deltoid (LD), coracoacromial ligament (CAL), and coracohumeral ligament (CHL), alongside Pain Pressure Threshold (PPT) assessments of UT2 and LD to measure pain sensitivity. Participants also completed the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). While sex did not meaningfully affect PPT or SWV across most tissues, females did demonstrate significantly lower SWV in SUP compared to males. Post-menopausal females exhibited higher SWV values than pre-menopausal females across all tissues, with differences ranging from 6.8-22.0%, although these differences did not reach statistical significance. Post-menopausal females also showed higher PPT values, indicating lower mechanical pain sensitivity, with a significant difference observed in the LD. Higher NDI scores were associated with increased SWV in UT3 and CAL but decreased SWV in UT2. Higher SPADI scores were associated with reduced CAL SWV. Significant interactions indicated that females with higher SPADI scores and post-menopausal females with higher NDI scores demonstrated increased mechanical pain sensitivity. These findings suggest that menopause-related changes in musculoskeletal tissue elasticity, alongside altered pain processing, may contribute to shoulder pain and dysfunction. Integrating SWE and PPT with self-reported outcomes provides a more comprehensive understanding of musculoskeletal adaptations associated with menopause.","abstract_html":"Menopause is associated with substantial hormonal changes that impact musculoskeletal health, with menopausal females experiencing a high prevalence of shoulder pain and dysfunction. This study examined the effects of sex, menopause status, and pain-related disability on passive musculoskeletal tissue elasticity and mechanical pain sensitivity in the shoulder joint complex. Forty-six adults (92 shoulders) underwent bilateral ultrasound shear wave elastography imaging to quantify elasticity in the upper trapezius (UT2, UT3), supraspinatus (SUP), lateral deltoid (LD), coracoacromial ligament (CAL), and coracohumeral ligament (CHL), alongside Pain Pressure Threshold (PPT) assessments of UT2 and LD to measure pain sensitivity. Participants also completed the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). While sex did not meaningfully affect PPT or SWV across most tissues, females did demonstrate significantly lower SWV in SUP compared to males. Post-menopausal females exhibited higher SWV values than pre-menopausal females across all tissues, with differences ranging from 6.8-22.0%, although these differences did not reach statistical significance. Post-menopausal females also showed higher PPT values, indicating lower mechanical pain sensitivity, with a significant difference observed in the LD. Higher NDI scores were associated with increased SWV in UT3 and CAL but decreased SWV in UT2. Higher SPADI scores were associated with reduced CAL SWV. Significant interactions indicated that females with higher SPADI scores and post-menopausal females with higher NDI scores demonstrated increased mechanical pain sensitivity. These findings suggest that menopause-related changes in musculoskeletal tissue elasticity, alongside altered pain processing, may contribute to shoulder pain and dysfunction. Integrating SWE and PPT with self-reported outcomes provides a more comprehensive understanding of musculoskeletal adaptations associated with menopause.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Hutzelmann, Denali"],"institution":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Kinesiology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Leonardis, Joshua M","Rice, Laura A"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025-12","date_published":"2025-12","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:07Z","subjects":["Menopause","Shear Wave Elastography","Muscle","Biomechanics"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 2025 Denali Hutzelmann"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2142/132588","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Leonardis, Joshua M","Rice, Laura A"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hutzelmann, Denali"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2025-12","2025-12-10"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Kinesiology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Menopause","Shear Wave Elastography","Muscle","Biomechanics"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2025 Denali Hutzelmann"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/132588"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Menopause is associated with substantial hormonal changes that impact musculoskeletal health, with menopausal females experiencing a high prevalence of shoulder pain and dysfunction. This study examined the effects of sex, menopause status, and pain-related disability on passive musculoskeletal tissue elasticity and mechanical pain sensitivity in the shoulder joint complex. Forty-six adults (92 shoulders) underwent bilateral ultrasound shear wave elastography imaging to quantify elasticity in the upper trapezius (UT2, UT3), supraspinatus (SUP), lateral deltoid (LD), coracoacromial ligament (CAL), and coracohumeral ligament (CHL), alongside Pain Pressure Threshold (PPT) assessments of UT2 and LD to measure pain sensitivity. Participants also completed the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). While sex did not meaningfully affect PPT or SWV across most tissues, females did demonstrate significantly lower SWV in SUP compared to males. Post-menopausal females exhibited higher SWV values than pre-menopausal females across all tissues, with differences ranging from 6.8-22.0%, although these differences did not reach statistical significance. Post-menopausal females also showed higher PPT values, indicating lower mechanical pain sensitivity, with a significant difference observed in the LD. Higher NDI scores were associated with increased SWV in UT3 and CAL but decreased SWV in UT2. Higher SPADI scores were associated with reduced CAL SWV. Significant interactions indicated that females with higher SPADI scores and post-menopausal females with higher NDI scores demonstrated increased mechanical pain sensitivity. These findings suggest that menopause-related changes in musculoskeletal tissue elasticity, alongside altered pain processing, may contribute to shoulder pain and dysfunction. Integrating SWE and PPT with self-reported outcomes provides a more comprehensive understanding of musculoskeletal adaptations associated with menopause.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2026-02-19 without embargo terms","The student, Denali Hutzelmann, accepted the attached license on 2025-12-08 at 08:51.","The student, Denali Hutzelmann, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2025-12-08 at 09:06.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2025-12-10 at 11:19.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #23097 on 2026-02-19 at 18:29:58"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Effects of menopause and sex on shoulder complex tissue elasticity and pain-related outcomes"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Leonardis, Joshua M","Rice, Laura A"],"dc:creator":["Hutzelmann, Denali"],"dc:date":["2025-12","2025-12-10"],"dc:description":["Menopause is associated with substantial hormonal changes that impact musculoskeletal health, with menopausal females experiencing a high prevalence of shoulder pain and dysfunction. This study examined the effects of sex, menopause status, and pain-related disability on passive musculoskeletal tissue elasticity and mechanical pain sensitivity in the shoulder joint complex. Forty-six adults (92 shoulders) underwent bilateral ultrasound shear wave elastography imaging to quantify elasticity in the upper trapezius (UT2, UT3), supraspinatus (SUP), lateral deltoid (LD), coracoacromial ligament (CAL), and coracohumeral ligament (CHL), alongside Pain Pressure Threshold (PPT) assessments of UT2 and LD to measure pain sensitivity. Participants also completed the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). While sex did not meaningfully affect PPT or SWV across most tissues, females did demonstrate significantly lower SWV in SUP compared to males. Post-menopausal females exhibited higher SWV values than pre-menopausal females across all tissues, with differences ranging from 6.8-22.0%, although these differences did not reach statistical significance. Post-menopausal females also showed higher PPT values, indicating lower mechanical pain sensitivity, with a significant difference observed in the LD. Higher NDI scores were associated with increased SWV in UT3 and CAL but decreased SWV in UT2. Higher SPADI scores were associated with reduced CAL SWV. Significant interactions indicated that females with higher SPADI scores and post-menopausal females with higher NDI scores demonstrated increased mechanical pain sensitivity. These findings suggest that menopause-related changes in musculoskeletal tissue elasticity, alongside altered pain processing, may contribute to shoulder pain and dysfunction. Integrating SWE and PPT with self-reported outcomes provides a more comprehensive understanding of musculoskeletal adaptations associated with menopause.","Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2026-02-19 without embargo terms","The student, Denali Hutzelmann, accepted the attached license on 2025-12-08 at 08:51.","The student, Denali Hutzelmann, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2025-12-08 at 09:06.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2025-12-10 at 11:19.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #23097 on 2026-02-19 at 18:29:58"],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/132588"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2025 Denali Hutzelmann"],"dc:subject":["Menopause","Shear Wave Elastography","Muscle","Biomechanics"],"dc:title":["Effects of menopause and sex on shoulder complex tissue elasticity and pain-related outcomes"],"dc:type":["text","Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Kinesiology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:07Z"}