{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/130164"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/130164","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Iot framework for condition assessment of railroad bridges","abstract":"Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2027-08-01","abstract_html":"Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2027-08-01","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Veluthedath Shajihan, Shaik Althaf"],"institution":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Civil Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Spencer, Jr., Billie F.","Chowdhary, Girish","Agha, Gul A.","Edwards, Riley","Dyke, Shirley J."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025-07-13","date_published":"2025-07-13","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:06Z","subjects":["Structural Health Monitoring","Railroad Bridge Assessment","Physics-informed Neural Networks","Wireless Smart Sensors","Uav-aided Bridge Inspection"],"languages":["en","eng"],"rights":["Copyright 2025 Shaik Althaf Veluthedath Shajihan"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2142/130164","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Spencer, Jr., Billie F.","Chowdhary, Girish","Agha, Gul A.","Edwards, Riley","Dyke, Shirley J."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Veluthedath Shajihan, Shaik Althaf"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2025-07-13","2025-08"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Civil Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Structural Health Monitoring","Railroad Bridge Assessment","Physics-informed Neural Networks","Wireless Smart Sensors","Uav-aided Bridge Inspection"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en","eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2025 Shaik Althaf Veluthedath Shajihan"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/130164"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2027-08-01","The student, Shaik Althaf Veluthedath Shajihan, accepted the attached license on 2025-07-10 at 10:18.","The student, Shaik Althaf Veluthedath Shajihan, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2025-07-10 at 10:36.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2025-07-13 at 11:04.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #22483 on 2025-10-25 at 15:53:26","Railroad bridges are vital to the U.S. freight network, supporting more than 40% of the nation’s freight transportation. With over half of these structures exceeding 100 years of service, growing freight demands combined with aging infrastructure present increasing safety concerns. Despite their critical role, in-service data on key structural parameters, such as bridge deflection under revenue traffic, remains limited. The remote locations of many railroad bridges, combined with the irregular and short-duration nature of train crossings, make continuous monitoring particularly challenging. Traditional wired sensing systems are often impractical for long-term deployment under such power and access constraints. Moreover, early identification and assessment of damage in railroad bridges remain non-trivial due to limited instrumentation and the complexity introduced by the linear time-varying nature of the train–bridge structural system. This research addresses these challenges by developing an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled framework for monitoring and condition assessment of railroad bridges. The framework integrates low-power wireless smart sensors, edge computing, and vision-based methods to support synchronized multi-modal data collection and analysis. A hardware-software solution is developed to enable high-accuracy, synchronized data acquisition from external digital sensors using wireless smart sensing platforms. Building on this, a deployable wireless vision-based system is designed for remote displacement monitoring under in-service train loading. To address challenges in drone-assisted inspection during campaign monitoring, a strategy is introduced for obtaining multi-point displacement measurements by compensating for drone motion during flight. In addition to data collection, a deep learning-based pipeline is proposed to automate the identification and mapping of visual damage from drone survey videos to numerical bridge models. To leverage the collected multi-modal data for structural assessment, a physics-informed neural network-based model updating approach is developed to combine sensor data, visual inspection results, and prior numerical models for damage identification and condition assessment. The proposed framework is demonstrated and validated through numerical and experimental studies, including simulated damage scenarios on a full-scale railroad truss bridge in Chicago, Illinois. The results highlight the potential of the developed approach to advance data-driven, scalable, and automated monitoring and assessment of railroad bridges."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Iot framework for condition assessment of railroad bridges"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Spencer, Jr., Billie F.","Chowdhary, Girish","Agha, Gul A.","Edwards, Riley","Dyke, Shirley J."],"dc:creator":["Veluthedath Shajihan, Shaik Althaf"],"dc:date":["2025-07-13","2025-08"],"dc:description":["Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2027-08-01","The student, Shaik Althaf Veluthedath Shajihan, accepted the attached license on 2025-07-10 at 10:18.","The student, Shaik Althaf Veluthedath Shajihan, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2025-07-10 at 10:36.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2025-07-13 at 11:04.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #22483 on 2025-10-25 at 15:53:26","Railroad bridges are vital to the U.S. freight network, supporting more than 40% of the nation’s freight transportation. With over half of these structures exceeding 100 years of service, growing freight demands combined with aging infrastructure present increasing safety concerns. Despite their critical role, in-service data on key structural parameters, such as bridge deflection under revenue traffic, remains limited. The remote locations of many railroad bridges, combined with the irregular and short-duration nature of train crossings, make continuous monitoring particularly challenging. Traditional wired sensing systems are often impractical for long-term deployment under such power and access constraints. Moreover, early identification and assessment of damage in railroad bridges remain non-trivial due to limited instrumentation and the complexity introduced by the linear time-varying nature of the train–bridge structural system. This research addresses these challenges by developing an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled framework for monitoring and condition assessment of railroad bridges. The framework integrates low-power wireless smart sensors, edge computing, and vision-based methods to support synchronized multi-modal data collection and analysis. A hardware-software solution is developed to enable high-accuracy, synchronized data acquisition from external digital sensors using wireless smart sensing platforms. Building on this, a deployable wireless vision-based system is designed for remote displacement monitoring under in-service train loading. To address challenges in drone-assisted inspection during campaign monitoring, a strategy is introduced for obtaining multi-point displacement measurements by compensating for drone motion during flight. In addition to data collection, a deep learning-based pipeline is proposed to automate the identification and mapping of visual damage from drone survey videos to numerical bridge models. To leverage the collected multi-modal data for structural assessment, a physics-informed neural network-based model updating approach is developed to combine sensor data, visual inspection results, and prior numerical models for damage identification and condition assessment. The proposed framework is demonstrated and validated through numerical and experimental studies, including simulated damage scenarios on a full-scale railroad truss bridge in Chicago, Illinois. The results highlight the potential of the developed approach to advance data-driven, scalable, and automated monitoring and assessment of railroad bridges."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/130164"],"dc:language":["en","eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2025 Shaik Althaf Veluthedath Shajihan"],"dc:subject":["Structural Health Monitoring","Railroad Bridge Assessment","Physics-informed Neural Networks","Wireless Smart Sensors","Uav-aided Bridge Inspection"],"dc:title":["Iot framework for condition assessment of railroad bridges"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Civil Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:06Z"}