{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/130004"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/130004","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Timing is everything: Transcriptomic response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to single and sequential combined stressors of herbivory and flooding","abstract":"Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2027-08-01","abstract_html":"Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2027-08-01","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Dady, Erinn Rea"],"institution":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Entomology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Ngumbi, Esther N.","Ngumbi, Esther N","Hind, Sarah R","Berenbaum, May R","Suarez, Andrew"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025-05-29","date_published":"2025-05-29","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:06Z","subjects":["Plant Stress","Stress Combination","Gene Expression","Solanum Lycopersicum","Spodoptera Exigua","Insect Herbivory","Flooding","Biotic Stress","Abiotic Stress"],"languages":["en","eng"],"rights":["Copyright 2025 Erinn Rea Dady"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2142/130004","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Ngumbi, Esther N.","Ngumbi, Esther N","Hind, Sarah R","Berenbaum, May R","Suarez, Andrew"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Dady, Erinn Rea"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2025-05-29","2025-08"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Entomology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Plant Stress","Stress Combination","Gene Expression","Solanum Lycopersicum","Spodoptera Exigua","Insect Herbivory","Flooding","Biotic Stress","Abiotic Stress"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en","eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2025 Erinn Rea Dady"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/130004"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2027-08-01","The student, Erinn Dady, accepted the attached license on 2025-05-28 at 11:17.","The student, Erinn Dady, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2025-05-28 at 11:32.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2025-05-29 at 10:41.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #22312 on 2025-10-21 at 10:05:21","Global change has increased the frequency and intensity of biotic and abiotic stressors of plants, including insect herbivory and flooding, with devastating consequences on crop productivity, and ultimately, food security. Although knowledge of plant responses to individual stressors is extensive, little is known about how plants respond to simultaneously occurring stress combinations. Also, it is poorly understood how the sequence of stress impacts plant responses and stress acclimation. The few available studies have uncovered unique and novel responses to single and combined stressors. Moreover, most combined stress studies were conducted on non-agricultural plants, creating a need for studies on crop plants. To fill these knowledge gaps, in this study, I investigated the dynamics of transcriptomic changes within tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L cv. ‘Cherokee Purple’) exposed to single, simultaneous, and sequential stress of herbivory by Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and flooding. My results revealed that plants exposed to single stressors differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that correlated with response to phytohormones, signaling pathways, and ion transport. Herbivory alone caused upregulation of genes associated with jasmonic acid responses, jasmonic acid signaling pathways, and ion transport, whereas flooding alone caused upregulation of genes associated with ethylene responses and ethylene signaling pathways. When herbivory and flooding stressors were combined in a reciprocal sequential pattern (herbivory first followed by flooding vs. flooding first followed by herbivory), my results revealed a unique gene expression pattern, different from that brought about by single stressors alone. Combined stress in both sequences upregulated intracellular transport, and downregulated photosynthesis, exposing a general stress response strategy. The herbivory first response resulted in upregulation of sugar synthesis, modification and breakdown, and ion transport. In contrast, the flooding first response mirrored a general stress response strategy, with upregulation of intracellular transport and ion binding, and downregulation of photosynthesis. Taken together, my results reveal that gene expression is unique between different single stressors and the symmetrical switch of sequential stress combinations. The findings of this study provide insight into potential mechanisms of how plants respond and survive a combination of sequential biotic and abiotic plant stressors, and indicate that the sequence of stress matters. This lays an important foundation for future studies on management of stress combinations facing agricultural crops and development of crops that are resilient to multiple stressors."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Timing is everything: Transcriptomic response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to single and sequential combined stressors of herbivory and flooding"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Ngumbi, Esther N.","Ngumbi, Esther N","Hind, Sarah R","Berenbaum, May R","Suarez, Andrew"],"dc:creator":["Dady, Erinn Rea"],"dc:date":["2025-05-29","2025-08"],"dc:description":["Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2027-08-01","The student, Erinn Dady, accepted the attached license on 2025-05-28 at 11:17.","The student, Erinn Dady, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2025-05-28 at 11:32.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2025-05-29 at 10:41.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #22312 on 2025-10-21 at 10:05:21","Global change has increased the frequency and intensity of biotic and abiotic stressors of plants, including insect herbivory and flooding, with devastating consequences on crop productivity, and ultimately, food security. Although knowledge of plant responses to individual stressors is extensive, little is known about how plants respond to simultaneously occurring stress combinations. Also, it is poorly understood how the sequence of stress impacts plant responses and stress acclimation. The few available studies have uncovered unique and novel responses to single and combined stressors. Moreover, most combined stress studies were conducted on non-agricultural plants, creating a need for studies on crop plants. To fill these knowledge gaps, in this study, I investigated the dynamics of transcriptomic changes within tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L cv. ‘Cherokee Purple’) exposed to single, simultaneous, and sequential stress of herbivory by Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and flooding. My results revealed that plants exposed to single stressors differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that correlated with response to phytohormones, signaling pathways, and ion transport. Herbivory alone caused upregulation of genes associated with jasmonic acid responses, jasmonic acid signaling pathways, and ion transport, whereas flooding alone caused upregulation of genes associated with ethylene responses and ethylene signaling pathways. When herbivory and flooding stressors were combined in a reciprocal sequential pattern (herbivory first followed by flooding vs. flooding first followed by herbivory), my results revealed a unique gene expression pattern, different from that brought about by single stressors alone. Combined stress in both sequences upregulated intracellular transport, and downregulated photosynthesis, exposing a general stress response strategy. The herbivory first response resulted in upregulation of sugar synthesis, modification and breakdown, and ion transport. In contrast, the flooding first response mirrored a general stress response strategy, with upregulation of intracellular transport and ion binding, and downregulation of photosynthesis. Taken together, my results reveal that gene expression is unique between different single stressors and the symmetrical switch of sequential stress combinations. The findings of this study provide insight into potential mechanisms of how plants respond and survive a combination of sequential biotic and abiotic plant stressors, and indicate that the sequence of stress matters. This lays an important foundation for future studies on management of stress combinations facing agricultural crops and development of crops that are resilient to multiple stressors."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/130004"],"dc:language":["en","eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2025 Erinn Rea Dady"],"dc:subject":["Plant Stress","Stress Combination","Gene Expression","Solanum Lycopersicum","Spodoptera Exigua","Insect Herbivory","Flooding","Biotic Stress","Abiotic Stress"],"dc:title":["Timing is everything: Transcriptomic response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to single and sequential combined stressors of herbivory and flooding"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Entomology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:06Z"}