{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/129966"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/129966","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Effects of Anhydrous ammonia application timing on corn yield and profitability","abstract":"Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2025-10-20 without embargo terms","abstract_html":"Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2025-10-20 without embargo terms","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Link, Blake"],"institution":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Crop Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Jones, John D.","Nafziger, Emerson D","Brown, Howard M."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025-07-23","date_published":"2025-07-23","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:06Z","subjects":["Corn","Nitrogen","Anhydrous Ammonia","Fertilizer","Profitability","Mrtn","Eonr","Rtn","Nue","Fnue"],"languages":["en","eng"],"rights":["Copyright 2025 Blake Link"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2142/129966","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Jones, John D.","Nafziger, Emerson D","Brown, Howard M."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Link, Blake"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2025-07-23","2025-08"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Crop Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Corn","Nitrogen","Anhydrous Ammonia","Fertilizer","Profitability","Mrtn","Eonr","Rtn","Nue","Fnue"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en","eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2025 Blake Link"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/129966"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2025-10-20 without embargo terms","The student, Blake Link, accepted the attached license on 2025-07-22 at 20:19.","The student, Blake Link, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2025-07-22 at 23:11.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2025-07-23 at 10:17.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #22667 on 2025-10-20 at 20:15:32","Nitrogen (N) application timing is a critical decision for Illinois corn (Zea mays L.) producers balancing operational efficiency, economic return, and environmental stewardship. This study compared agronomic and economic outcomes of fall versus spring anhydrous ammonia applications across 19 central Illinois sites from 2013 to 2020, using a randomized complete block design with N rates from 0–361 kg N ha-1. Yield response to N was analyzed to determine agronomic optimum N rate (AONR), economic optimum N rate (EONR), and maximum return to N (MRTN). Corn yield responded to N at all sites, but the effects of timing were inconsistent. Across sites, mean EONR, yield, and MRTN for fall-applied ammonia were 213 kg N ha-1, 14.4 Mg ha-1, and $953 ha-1, respectively. For spring applications, these were 187 kg N ha-1, 14.4 Mg ha-1, and $1,104 ha-1. Differences in EONR between timings ranged from 44 kg N ha-1 higher in spring to 75 kg N ha-1 higher in fall. Yield differences at EONR ranged from 1.5 Mg ha-1 higher with spring N to 0.6 Mg ha-1 higher with fall N. Overall, EONR with spring N was, on average, 26 kg N ha-1 lower compared to fall. Site-level responses varied widely, with no consistent links to soil or weather parameters, highlighting the complexity of N dynamics across environments. Results indicate spring anhydrous ammonia can improve Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and reduce fertilizer needs without sacrificing yield, supporting more economically and environmentally sustainable production. Further research integrating soil N measurements and additional N sources is needed to refine N rate guidelines and strengthen recommendations within Illinois."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Effects of Anhydrous ammonia application timing on corn yield and profitability"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Jones, John D.","Nafziger, Emerson D","Brown, Howard M."],"dc:creator":["Link, Blake"],"dc:date":["2025-07-23","2025-08"],"dc:description":["Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2025-10-20 without embargo terms","The student, Blake Link, accepted the attached license on 2025-07-22 at 20:19.","The student, Blake Link, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2025-07-22 at 23:11.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2025-07-23 at 10:17.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #22667 on 2025-10-20 at 20:15:32","Nitrogen (N) application timing is a critical decision for Illinois corn (Zea mays L.) producers balancing operational efficiency, economic return, and environmental stewardship. This study compared agronomic and economic outcomes of fall versus spring anhydrous ammonia applications across 19 central Illinois sites from 2013 to 2020, using a randomized complete block design with N rates from 0–361 kg N ha-1. Yield response to N was analyzed to determine agronomic optimum N rate (AONR), economic optimum N rate (EONR), and maximum return to N (MRTN). Corn yield responded to N at all sites, but the effects of timing were inconsistent. Across sites, mean EONR, yield, and MRTN for fall-applied ammonia were 213 kg N ha-1, 14.4 Mg ha-1, and $953 ha-1, respectively. For spring applications, these were 187 kg N ha-1, 14.4 Mg ha-1, and $1,104 ha-1. Differences in EONR between timings ranged from 44 kg N ha-1 higher in spring to 75 kg N ha-1 higher in fall. Yield differences at EONR ranged from 1.5 Mg ha-1 higher with spring N to 0.6 Mg ha-1 higher with fall N. Overall, EONR with spring N was, on average, 26 kg N ha-1 lower compared to fall. Site-level responses varied widely, with no consistent links to soil or weather parameters, highlighting the complexity of N dynamics across environments. Results indicate spring anhydrous ammonia can improve Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and reduce fertilizer needs without sacrificing yield, supporting more economically and environmentally sustainable production. Further research integrating soil N measurements and additional N sources is needed to refine N rate guidelines and strengthen recommendations within Illinois."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/129966"],"dc:language":["en","eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2025 Blake Link"],"dc:subject":["Corn","Nitrogen","Anhydrous Ammonia","Fertilizer","Profitability","Mrtn","Eonr","Rtn","Nue","Fnue"],"dc:title":["Effects of Anhydrous ammonia application timing on corn yield and profitability"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Crop Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:06Z"}