{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/129237"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/129237","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Invisible resistance: Mid-air stiffness perception via control-display manipulation","abstract":"Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2025-10-19 without embargo terms","abstract_html":"Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2025-10-19 without embargo terms","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Shah, Arnav Sejal"],"institution":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Computer Science","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Soltanaghai, Elahe"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025-04-23","date_published":"2025-04-23","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:04Z","subjects":["Virtual Reality","Pseudo-Haptics","Stiffness Perception","Control-Display Gain","Hand Gesture Recognition"],"languages":["en","eng"],"rights":["Copyright 2025 Arnav Shah"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2142/129237","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Soltanaghai, Elahe"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Shah, Arnav Sejal"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2025-04-23","2025-05"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Computer Science"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Virtual Reality","Pseudo-Haptics","Stiffness Perception","Control-Display Gain","Hand Gesture Recognition"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en","eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2025 Arnav Shah"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/129237"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2025-10-19 without embargo terms","The student, Arnav Shah, accepted the attached license on 2025-04-22 at 17:26.","The student, Arnav Shah, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2025-04-22 at 17:46.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2025-04-23 at 14:26.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #21902 on 2025-10-19 at 18:09:40","Hand gesture recognition in virtual reality (VR) enables users to interact with digital environments without controllers, allowing for intuitive mid-air object manipulation. However, the absence of tangible feedback presents a challenge in conveying haptic sensations. One of the solutions to address this limitation is leveraging pseudo-haptic techniques that rely on visual feedback to simulate touch perception. For example, prior studies have induced a sense of stiffness in virtual objects using deformation cues, but none have explored the role of Control-Display (C/D) gain manipulation in enhancing stiffness perception. This study investigates whether C/D gain manipulations can influence perceived stiffness in mid-air interactions. Specifically, we examine (1) the range of C/D gains that remain imperceptible to users, (2) whether users associate C/D gain changes with stiffness variations, and (3) whether multiple distinguishable levels of perceived stiffness can be achieved through C/D gain manipulation. We provide a first model of how C/D gains correspond to physical stiffness perceived during object stretching. These results have implications for designing more immersive and responsive virtual environments, particularly in applications requiring precise stiffness differentiation, such as surgical simulations and educational games."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Invisible resistance: Mid-air stiffness perception via control-display manipulation"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Soltanaghai, Elahe"],"dc:creator":["Shah, Arnav Sejal"],"dc:date":["2025-04-23","2025-05"],"dc:description":["Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2025-10-19 without embargo terms","The student, Arnav Shah, accepted the attached license on 2025-04-22 at 17:26.","The student, Arnav Shah, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2025-04-22 at 17:46.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2025-04-23 at 14:26.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #21902 on 2025-10-19 at 18:09:40","Hand gesture recognition in virtual reality (VR) enables users to interact with digital environments without controllers, allowing for intuitive mid-air object manipulation. However, the absence of tangible feedback presents a challenge in conveying haptic sensations. One of the solutions to address this limitation is leveraging pseudo-haptic techniques that rely on visual feedback to simulate touch perception. For example, prior studies have induced a sense of stiffness in virtual objects using deformation cues, but none have explored the role of Control-Display (C/D) gain manipulation in enhancing stiffness perception. This study investigates whether C/D gain manipulations can influence perceived stiffness in mid-air interactions. Specifically, we examine (1) the range of C/D gains that remain imperceptible to users, (2) whether users associate C/D gain changes with stiffness variations, and (3) whether multiple distinguishable levels of perceived stiffness can be achieved through C/D gain manipulation. We provide a first model of how C/D gains correspond to physical stiffness perceived during object stretching. These results have implications for designing more immersive and responsive virtual environments, particularly in applications requiring precise stiffness differentiation, such as surgical simulations and educational games."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/129237"],"dc:language":["en","eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2025 Arnav Shah"],"dc:subject":["Virtual Reality","Pseudo-Haptics","Stiffness Perception","Control-Display Gain","Hand Gesture Recognition"],"dc:title":["Invisible resistance: Mid-air stiffness perception via control-display manipulation"],"dc:type":["text","Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Computer Science"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:04Z"}