{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/127513"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/127513","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Exploring the potential of chlorellestadite and calcium chlorosilicate as low-carbon binders","abstract":"Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2026-12-01","abstract_html":"Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2026-12-01","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Abdelrahman, Mohamed Ahmed Moussa"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Civil Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Garg, Nishant"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2024,"date_issued":"2024-12-12","date_published":"2024-12-12","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:04Z","subjects":["Chlorellestadite","Calcium Chlorosilicate","Cement","Carbonatable Binder","Sequestration","Co2 Curing","Waste-to-energy Ash"],"languages":["en","eng"],"rights":["Copyright 2024 Mohamed Abdelrahman"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2142/127513","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Garg, Nishant"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Abdelrahman, Mohamed Ahmed Moussa"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2024-12-12","2024-12"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Civil Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Chlorellestadite","Calcium Chlorosilicate","Cement","Carbonatable Binder","Sequestration","Co2 Curing","Waste-to-energy Ash"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en","eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2024 Mohamed Abdelrahman"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/127513"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2026-12-01","The student, Mohamed Abdelrahman, accepted the attached license on 2024-12-09 at 12:04.","The student, Mohamed Abdelrahman, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2024-12-09 at 12:18.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2024-12-12 at 16:20.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #21549 on 2025-03-28 at 14:57:05","The urgent need for sustainable construction materials has driven research into alternatives that can reduce cement consumption and facilitate CO₂ sequestration. This thesis investigates the potential of calcium chlorosilicate (CCS) and chlorellestadite (CE) as supplementary binders in cementitious systems. Chlorellestadite (Ca10(SiO4)3(SO4)3Cl2) is the main phase in thermally treated waste-to-energy ashes and can also be found in eco-cements, which exhibit higher compressive strength after carbonation curing. In this thesis, the carbonation reaction mechanism of chlorellestadite was investigated. It was determined that 3 reactions occur during CE carbonation. The first reaction involves the carbonation of chlorellestadite, the second pertains to the carbonation of calcium chlorosilicate (Ca3SiO4Cl2), and the third involves carbonation of sinjarite (CaCl2.2H2O). These reactions enabled a CO2 uptake of up to 29.7%. Additionally, blended cement paste samples with 20% CE have shown higher strength than pure cement, demonstrating potential for inclusion in concrete. Calcium chlorosilicate is a byproduct of alinite cement production and can be found in eco-cement, often associated with chlorellestadite. In this research, the optimal conditions for calcium chlorosilicate hydration were determined to be 18% relative humidity and 45 °C at atmospheric CO2 concentration. Although pure calcium chlorosilicate (CCS) binders exhibit relatively low compressive strength compared to pure ordinary Portland cement (OPC), blended binders containing up to 30% CCS demonstrated higher early compressive strength, achieving values greater than 31 MPa, compared to 26 MPa for pure OPC. This is likely driven by the rapid formation of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), which provides nucleation sites that accelerate cement hydration. Additionally, carbonated blended binders with up 25% CCS resulted in comparable early compressive strength to carbonated OPC, with values of 44.9 MPa and 47.6 MPa, respectively. The findings elucidate pathways for utilizing relatively inexpensive sources of calcium and highlight the possible benefits of integrating CCS and CE into cementitious systems: reducing reliance on traditional OPC to lower carbon emissions and utilizing treated WTE ashes in concrete. This approach addresses the dual challenges of carbon mitigation and waste management. Since the chloride content in both materials limits their use in steel reinforced concrete, they could be more suitable for non-reinforced or fiber-reinforced applications. Future research should aim towards optimizing the hydration and carbonation conditions, performing durability tests, exploring the rheological influence of both materials, and performing large-scale concrete testing."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Exploring the potential of chlorellestadite and calcium chlorosilicate as low-carbon binders"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Garg, Nishant"],"dc:creator":["Abdelrahman, Mohamed Ahmed Moussa"],"dc:date":["2024-12-12","2024-12"],"dc:description":["Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2026-12-01","The student, Mohamed Abdelrahman, accepted the attached license on 2024-12-09 at 12:04.","The student, Mohamed Abdelrahman, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2024-12-09 at 12:18.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2024-12-12 at 16:20.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #21549 on 2025-03-28 at 14:57:05","The urgent need for sustainable construction materials has driven research into alternatives that can reduce cement consumption and facilitate CO₂ sequestration. This thesis investigates the potential of calcium chlorosilicate (CCS) and chlorellestadite (CE) as supplementary binders in cementitious systems. Chlorellestadite (Ca10(SiO4)3(SO4)3Cl2) is the main phase in thermally treated waste-to-energy ashes and can also be found in eco-cements, which exhibit higher compressive strength after carbonation curing. In this thesis, the carbonation reaction mechanism of chlorellestadite was investigated. It was determined that 3 reactions occur during CE carbonation. The first reaction involves the carbonation of chlorellestadite, the second pertains to the carbonation of calcium chlorosilicate (Ca3SiO4Cl2), and the third involves carbonation of sinjarite (CaCl2.2H2O). These reactions enabled a CO2 uptake of up to 29.7%. Additionally, blended cement paste samples with 20% CE have shown higher strength than pure cement, demonstrating potential for inclusion in concrete. Calcium chlorosilicate is a byproduct of alinite cement production and can be found in eco-cement, often associated with chlorellestadite. In this research, the optimal conditions for calcium chlorosilicate hydration were determined to be 18% relative humidity and 45 °C at atmospheric CO2 concentration. Although pure calcium chlorosilicate (CCS) binders exhibit relatively low compressive strength compared to pure ordinary Portland cement (OPC), blended binders containing up to 30% CCS demonstrated higher early compressive strength, achieving values greater than 31 MPa, compared to 26 MPa for pure OPC. This is likely driven by the rapid formation of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), which provides nucleation sites that accelerate cement hydration. Additionally, carbonated blended binders with up 25% CCS resulted in comparable early compressive strength to carbonated OPC, with values of 44.9 MPa and 47.6 MPa, respectively. The findings elucidate pathways for utilizing relatively inexpensive sources of calcium and highlight the possible benefits of integrating CCS and CE into cementitious systems: reducing reliance on traditional OPC to lower carbon emissions and utilizing treated WTE ashes in concrete. This approach addresses the dual challenges of carbon mitigation and waste management. Since the chloride content in both materials limits their use in steel reinforced concrete, they could be more suitable for non-reinforced or fiber-reinforced applications. Future research should aim towards optimizing the hydration and carbonation conditions, performing durability tests, exploring the rheological influence of both materials, and performing large-scale concrete testing."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/127513"],"dc:language":["en","eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2024 Mohamed Abdelrahman"],"dc:subject":["Chlorellestadite","Calcium Chlorosilicate","Cement","Carbonatable Binder","Sequestration","Co2 Curing","Waste-to-energy Ash"],"dc:title":["Exploring the potential of chlorellestadite and calcium chlorosilicate as low-carbon binders"],"dc:type":["text","Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Civil Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:04Z"}