{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/127279"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/127279","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"The energy cycle of ENSO","abstract":"Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2025-03-28 without embargo terms","abstract_html":"Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2025-03-28 without embargo terms","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Hanke, Tyler J"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Atmospheric Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Proistosescu, Cristian","Raghuraman, Shiv P","Wang, Zhuo"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2024,"date_issued":"2024-12-09","date_published":"2024-12-09","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:03Z","subjects":["El Nino","Enso","Radiative Feedbacks","Climate Sensitivity","Pattern Effect"],"languages":["en","eng"],"rights":["Copyright 2024 Tyler Hanke"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2142/127279","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Proistosescu, Cristian","Raghuraman, Shiv P","Wang, Zhuo"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hanke, Tyler J"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2024-12-09","2024-12"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text","Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Atmospheric Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["El Nino","Enso","Radiative Feedbacks","Climate Sensitivity","Pattern Effect"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en","eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2024 Tyler Hanke"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/127279"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2025-03-28 without embargo terms","The student, Tyler Hanke, accepted the attached license on 2024-12-06 at 16:12.","The student, Tyler Hanke, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2024-12-06 at 16:13.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2024-12-09 at 17:25.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #21536 on 2025-03-28 at 14:28:31","The spatial pattern of warming in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) can have major impacts on Earth’s top-of-atmosphere (TOA) energy budget, a phenomenon known in recent research as the “pattern effect”. Much of this pattern effect has been attributed to variability in low cloud radiative effect (CRE), and previous studies have shown that ENSO variability in CRE could inform long-term cloud radiative feedbacks. While ENSO teleconnections and predictability have been extensively researched for decades, ENSO-induced variability in atmospheric radiation has not been fully characterized. Here I use ENSO as an emergent constraint on the pattern effect. We find strong linear relationships between modeled ENSO feedbacks and their respective pattern effects, especially for net CRE. Observed ENSO feedbacks lie within the middle of the model ensemble and suggest a pattern effect magnitude of 1.00 ± 0.35 W /m2/K when calculated relative to preindustrial conditions. Model-simulated pattern effects also exhibit similar spatial distributions as the pattern diversity of ENSO, hinting at similar physics governing the two phenomena. Additionally, I add to previous studies of the ENSO-radiation relationship by exploring the impact of the ENSO cycle and pattern diversity on observed top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation. I find that both eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) ENSO SST patterns have associated all-sky radiation patterns that are dominated by low-cloud radiative effect (CRE) anomalies that are primarily driven by EIS CRE, with regional contributions by SST CRE, EIS CRE, and Tadv CRE. Clear-sky radiation anomalies do not contribute as significantly to the net radiative response patterns because they are driven by a negative Planck+lapse-rate feedback that is partially compensated by a positive longwave water vapor feedback. This competition between clear-sky feedbacks results in little contribution to the total radiative response patterns. These findings suggest that ENSO provides a potential emergent constraint on model pattern effect uncertainty, demonstrates the influence of ENSO pattern diversity on the drivers of the ENSO SST-radiation relationship, and depicts the first-order importance of ENSO pattern diversity in setting TOA radiation anomalies."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The energy cycle of ENSO"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Proistosescu, Cristian","Raghuraman, Shiv P","Wang, Zhuo"],"dc:creator":["Hanke, Tyler J"],"dc:date":["2024-12-09","2024-12"],"dc:description":["Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2025-03-28 without embargo terms","The student, Tyler Hanke, accepted the attached license on 2024-12-06 at 16:12.","The student, Tyler Hanke, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2024-12-06 at 16:13.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2024-12-09 at 17:25.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #21536 on 2025-03-28 at 14:28:31","The spatial pattern of warming in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) can have major impacts on Earth’s top-of-atmosphere (TOA) energy budget, a phenomenon known in recent research as the “pattern effect”. Much of this pattern effect has been attributed to variability in low cloud radiative effect (CRE), and previous studies have shown that ENSO variability in CRE could inform long-term cloud radiative feedbacks. While ENSO teleconnections and predictability have been extensively researched for decades, ENSO-induced variability in atmospheric radiation has not been fully characterized. Here I use ENSO as an emergent constraint on the pattern effect. We find strong linear relationships between modeled ENSO feedbacks and their respective pattern effects, especially for net CRE. Observed ENSO feedbacks lie within the middle of the model ensemble and suggest a pattern effect magnitude of 1.00 ± 0.35 W /m2/K when calculated relative to preindustrial conditions. Model-simulated pattern effects also exhibit similar spatial distributions as the pattern diversity of ENSO, hinting at similar physics governing the two phenomena. Additionally, I add to previous studies of the ENSO-radiation relationship by exploring the impact of the ENSO cycle and pattern diversity on observed top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation. I find that both eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) ENSO SST patterns have associated all-sky radiation patterns that are dominated by low-cloud radiative effect (CRE) anomalies that are primarily driven by EIS CRE, with regional contributions by SST CRE, EIS CRE, and Tadv CRE. Clear-sky radiation anomalies do not contribute as significantly to the net radiative response patterns because they are driven by a negative Planck+lapse-rate feedback that is partially compensated by a positive longwave water vapor feedback. This competition between clear-sky feedbacks results in little contribution to the total radiative response patterns. These findings suggest that ENSO provides a potential emergent constraint on model pattern effect uncertainty, demonstrates the influence of ENSO pattern diversity on the drivers of the ENSO SST-radiation relationship, and depicts the first-order importance of ENSO pattern diversity in setting TOA radiation anomalies."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/127279"],"dc:language":["en","eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2024 Tyler Hanke"],"dc:subject":["El Nino","Enso","Radiative Feedbacks","Climate Sensitivity","Pattern Effect"],"dc:title":["The energy cycle of ENSO"],"dc:type":["text","Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Atmospheric Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:03Z"}