{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/124728"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/124728","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"FReAK: fault injection based resilience assessment of Kubernetes","abstract":"Some factors contributing to cluster outages and failures, resulting in revenue loss and diminished trust among cloud providers and users, are rooted within container orchestrators. This underscores the necessity for thorough resilience testing. Resilience assessment of Kubernetes, the most widely adopted container orchestrator, using nearly 12000 fault injections in the control plane of Kubernetes performed using FReAK, an automated fault injector, is presented in this thesis. Subsequently, the vulnerable functionalities of the components are uncovered. Additionally, a Bayesian model for fault localization and higher fault manifestation is designed. The results of the fault injections show that about 60% of the activated faults do not affect the control plane, but critical failures that make at least one control plane component unavailable were observed in 11% of the fault injections. Moreover, the API server turned out to be the most critical. The results also indicated insufficiency in input validation and insufficiency of heartbeats in indicating the availability of the components. Testing the Kubernetes control plane through such tests can aid in the development of more robust resilience strategies.","abstract_html":"Some factors contributing to cluster outages and failures, resulting in revenue loss and diminished trust among cloud providers and users, are rooted within container orchestrators. This underscores the necessity for thorough resilience testing. Resilience assessment of Kubernetes, the most widely adopted container orchestrator, using nearly 12000 fault injections in the control plane of Kubernetes performed using FReAK, an automated fault injector, is presented in this thesis. Subsequently, the vulnerable functionalities of the components are uncovered. Additionally, a Bayesian model for fault localization and higher fault manifestation is designed. The results of the fault injections show that about 60% of the activated faults do not affect the control plane, but critical failures that make at least one control plane component unavailable were observed in 11% of the fault injections. Moreover, the API server turned out to be the most critical. The results also indicated insufficiency in input validation and insufficiency of heartbeats in indicating the availability of the components. Testing the Kubernetes control plane through such tests can aid in the development of more robust resilience strategies.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Sreejith, Harshitha"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Electrical & Computer Engr","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Iyer, Ravishankar K."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2024,"date_issued":"2024-05-03","date_published":"2024-05-03","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:02Z","subjects":["Fault Injection","Resilience","Kubernetes","Control Plane","Failure","Container Orchestration"],"languages":["eng","en"],"rights":["Copyright 2024 Harshitha Sreejith"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2142/124728","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Iyer, Ravishankar K."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Sreejith, Harshitha"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2024-05-03","2024-05"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Electrical & Computer Engr"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Fault Injection","Resilience","Kubernetes","Control Plane","Failure","Container Orchestration"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng","en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2024 Harshitha Sreejith"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/124728"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Some factors contributing to cluster outages and failures, resulting in revenue loss and diminished trust among cloud providers and users, are rooted within container orchestrators. This underscores the necessity for thorough resilience testing. Resilience assessment of Kubernetes, the most widely adopted container orchestrator, using nearly 12000 fault injections in the control plane of Kubernetes performed using FReAK, an automated fault injector, is presented in this thesis. Subsequently, the vulnerable functionalities of the components are uncovered. Additionally, a Bayesian model for fault localization and higher fault manifestation is designed. The results of the fault injections show that about 60% of the activated faults do not affect the control plane, but critical failures that make at least one control plane component unavailable were observed in 11% of the fault injections. Moreover, the API server turned out to be the most critical. The results also indicated insufficiency in input validation and insufficiency of heartbeats in indicating the availability of the components. Testing the Kubernetes control plane through such tests can aid in the development of more robust resilience strategies.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2026-05-01","The student, Harshitha Sreejith, accepted the attached license on 2024-05-02 at 22:49.","The student, Harshitha Sreejith, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2024-05-02 at 22:51.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2024-05-03 at 11:48.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #20770 on 2024-09-16 at 00:51:18"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["FReAK: fault injection based resilience assessment of Kubernetes"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Iyer, Ravishankar K."],"dc:creator":["Sreejith, Harshitha"],"dc:date":["2024-05-03","2024-05"],"dc:description":["Some factors contributing to cluster outages and failures, resulting in revenue loss and diminished trust among cloud providers and users, are rooted within container orchestrators. This underscores the necessity for thorough resilience testing. Resilience assessment of Kubernetes, the most widely adopted container orchestrator, using nearly 12000 fault injections in the control plane of Kubernetes performed using FReAK, an automated fault injector, is presented in this thesis. Subsequently, the vulnerable functionalities of the components are uncovered. Additionally, a Bayesian model for fault localization and higher fault manifestation is designed. The results of the fault injections show that about 60% of the activated faults do not affect the control plane, but critical failures that make at least one control plane component unavailable were observed in 11% of the fault injections. Moreover, the API server turned out to be the most critical. The results also indicated insufficiency in input validation and insufficiency of heartbeats in indicating the availability of the components. Testing the Kubernetes control plane through such tests can aid in the development of more robust resilience strategies.","Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2026-05-01","The student, Harshitha Sreejith, accepted the attached license on 2024-05-02 at 22:49.","The student, Harshitha Sreejith, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2024-05-02 at 22:51.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2024-05-03 at 11:48.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #20770 on 2024-09-16 at 00:51:18"],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/124728"],"dc:language":["eng","en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2024 Harshitha Sreejith"],"dc:subject":["Fault Injection","Resilience","Kubernetes","Control Plane","Failure","Container Orchestration"],"dc:title":["FReAK: fault injection based resilience assessment of Kubernetes"],"dc:type":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Electrical & Computer Engr"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:25:02Z"}