{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/121369"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/121369","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"The production of English /r/ and /l/ by native speakers of Japanese and Korean","abstract":"Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2025-08-01","abstract_html":"Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2025-08-01","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Corrigan, Ryan"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"M.A.","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Teaching of English Sec Lang","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Franks, Suzanne","Shih, Chilin"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2023,"date_issued":"2023-08","date_published":"2023-08","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:57Z","subjects":["English","Japanese","Korean","Production","Pronunciation","Liquids","/r/","/l/"],"languages":["en","eng"],"rights":["Copyright 2023 Ryan Corrigan"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2142/121369","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Franks, Suzanne","Shih, Chilin"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Corrigan, Ryan"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2023-08","2023-07-18"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Teaching of English Sec Lang"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.A."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["English","Japanese","Korean","Production","Pronunciation","Liquids","/r/","/l/"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en","eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2023 Ryan Corrigan"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/121369"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2025-08-01","The student, Ryan Corrigan, accepted the attached license on 2023-07-13 at 23:09.","The student, Ryan Corrigan, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2023-07-13 at 23:42.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2023-07-18 at 16:42.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #19689 on 2023-12-04 at 17:18:47","Previous research has found that both native speakers of Japanese and Korean have difficulty with English /r/ and /l/ when learning English as a second language. However, much of this research focuses on perception, and studies which have analyzed production have generally included only acoustic measures or native English speaker judgements. Furthermore, few studies on production analyze positional effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to apply ultrasonic evidence in addition to acoustic evidence in order to determine the articulatory cause of the lack of differentiation between English /r/ and /l/ by native Japanese and Korean speakers. In addition, minimal pairs with /r/ and /l/ in word-initial, initial-cluster, intervocalic, and word-final conditions are included in the study for analysis of positional effects. Findings suggest that word-initial position is the least difficult for native Japanese speakers, but lack of differentiation is most widespread in initial-cluster position, though more severe in intervocalic and word-final positions. Little difficulty was observed for native Korean speakers with the exception of a single minimal pair: word-world. In regard to the articulatory cause of lack of differentiation, much variation was observed, though severely undifferentiated instances of /r/ and /l/ were often due to /l/ targets being pronounced similarly to /r/. These /l/ targets pronounced as /r/ often had a more fronted tongue tip position than /r/ targets, but more native-like /r/ acoustics. The cause of less severely undifferentiated pairs was difficult to determine, but may have been due to either a reduction in tongue tip or tongue root retraction for /r/ targets."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The production of English /r/ and /l/ by native speakers of Japanese and Korean"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Franks, Suzanne","Shih, Chilin"],"dc:creator":["Corrigan, Ryan"],"dc:date":["2023-08","2023-07-18"],"dc:description":["Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2025-08-01","The student, Ryan Corrigan, accepted the attached license on 2023-07-13 at 23:09.","The student, Ryan Corrigan, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2023-07-13 at 23:42.","This Thesis was approved for publication on 2023-07-18 at 16:42.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #19689 on 2023-12-04 at 17:18:47","Previous research has found that both native speakers of Japanese and Korean have difficulty with English /r/ and /l/ when learning English as a second language. However, much of this research focuses on perception, and studies which have analyzed production have generally included only acoustic measures or native English speaker judgements. Furthermore, few studies on production analyze positional effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to apply ultrasonic evidence in addition to acoustic evidence in order to determine the articulatory cause of the lack of differentiation between English /r/ and /l/ by native Japanese and Korean speakers. In addition, minimal pairs with /r/ and /l/ in word-initial, initial-cluster, intervocalic, and word-final conditions are included in the study for analysis of positional effects. Findings suggest that word-initial position is the least difficult for native Japanese speakers, but lack of differentiation is most widespread in initial-cluster position, though more severe in intervocalic and word-final positions. Little difficulty was observed for native Korean speakers with the exception of a single minimal pair: word-world. In regard to the articulatory cause of lack of differentiation, much variation was observed, though severely undifferentiated instances of /r/ and /l/ were often due to /l/ targets being pronounced similarly to /r/. These /l/ targets pronounced as /r/ often had a more fronted tongue tip position than /r/ targets, but more native-like /r/ acoustics. The cause of less severely undifferentiated pairs was difficult to determine, but may have been due to either a reduction in tongue tip or tongue root retraction for /r/ targets."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/121369"],"dc:language":["en","eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2023 Ryan Corrigan"],"dc:subject":["English","Japanese","Korean","Production","Pronunciation","Liquids","/r/","/l/"],"dc:title":["The production of English /r/ and /l/ by native speakers of Japanese and Korean"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Teaching of English Sec Lang"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.A."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:57Z"}