{"id":{"repo_id":"uiuc","oai_identifier":"oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/121201"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/uiuc/oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/121201","repository":{"repo_id":"uiuc","name":"University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign","base_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh"},"display":{"title":"Development and validation of a paper-based sensor and convolutional neural networks integrated in a single-board computer for the quantification of sodium iron-EDTA and zinc oxide in fortified corn flours","abstract":"Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2025-08-01","abstract_html":"Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2025-08-01","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Toc Sagra, Marco Eduardo"],"institution":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Food Science & Human Nutrition","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Andrade, Juan E.","Stasiewicz, Matthew J.","Engeseth, Nicki J.","Wang, Yi-Cheng"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2023,"date_issued":"2023-08","date_published":"2023-08","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:57Z","subjects":["Paper-based Sensor","Computer Vision","Quality Control"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Copyright 2023 Marco Eduardo Toc Sagra"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2142/121201","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Andrade, Juan E.","Stasiewicz, Matthew J.","Engeseth, Nicki J.","Wang, Yi-Cheng"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Toc Sagra, Marco Eduardo"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2023-08","2023-06-12"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Food Science & Human Nutrition"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Paper-based Sensor","Computer Vision","Quality Control"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2023 Marco Eduardo Toc Sagra"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/121201"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2025-08-01","The student, Marco Toc Sagra, accepted the attached license on 2023-06-09 at 14:14.","The student, Marco Toc Sagra, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2023-06-09 at 14:36.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2023-06-12 at 09:48.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #19414 on 2023-12-04 at 17:30:26","Micronutrient deficiencies have a high prevalence in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly among children under five years and women of reproductive age. To combat micronutrient deficiencies in LMICs, the addition of micronutrients to fortify staple foods, e.g., corn flour, through rural small-scale mills has proven to be a cost-effective strategy. The laboratory capacity to assess quality control and assurance (QC/QA) in these contexts, however, is either unavailable or prohibitively expensive. The overall objective of this dissertation is to design, develop, and validate two paper-based sensors which interface with a built-in-house computer vision-based analyzer to quantify iron and zinc in corn flour. The dissertation will accomplish the aforementioned objective using mixed-methods studies. The first study will develop a paper-based sensor to quantify iron concentration in fortified corn flour and will validate its performance using samples from Tanzania’s small-scale mill fortification programs to determine its applicability as a monitoring and evaluation tool. In addition, this study will optimize the mineral extraction method and sampling instrument design. The second study will develop a paper-based sensor to quantify zinc concentration in fortified corn flour and will validate its performance using samples from Tanzania’s small-scale mill fortification programs to determine its applicability as a means of monitoring and evaluating. The third study will design and optimize a convolutional neural network architecture as the backbone of the computer vision-based analyzer that predicts iron and zinc concentration using digital images from the paper-based sensor. In collaboration with SANKU Project Healthy Children, a non-governmental organization supporting flour fortification in Tanzania, this dissertation ultimately serves as a bottom-up solution to the monitoring and evaluation limitations of low-resource fortification programs."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Development and validation of a paper-based sensor and convolutional neural networks integrated in a single-board computer for the quantification of sodium iron-EDTA and zinc oxide in fortified corn flours"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Andrade, Juan E.","Stasiewicz, Matthew J.","Engeseth, Nicki J.","Wang, Yi-Cheng"],"dc:creator":["Toc Sagra, Marco Eduardo"],"dc:date":["2023-08","2023-06-12"],"dc:description":["Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2025-08-01","The student, Marco Toc Sagra, accepted the attached license on 2023-06-09 at 14:14.","The student, Marco Toc Sagra, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2023-06-09 at 14:36.","This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2023-06-12 at 09:48.","DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #19414 on 2023-12-04 at 17:30:26","Micronutrient deficiencies have a high prevalence in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly among children under five years and women of reproductive age. To combat micronutrient deficiencies in LMICs, the addition of micronutrients to fortify staple foods, e.g., corn flour, through rural small-scale mills has proven to be a cost-effective strategy. The laboratory capacity to assess quality control and assurance (QC/QA) in these contexts, however, is either unavailable or prohibitively expensive. The overall objective of this dissertation is to design, develop, and validate two paper-based sensors which interface with a built-in-house computer vision-based analyzer to quantify iron and zinc in corn flour. The dissertation will accomplish the aforementioned objective using mixed-methods studies. The first study will develop a paper-based sensor to quantify iron concentration in fortified corn flour and will validate its performance using samples from Tanzania’s small-scale mill fortification programs to determine its applicability as a monitoring and evaluation tool. In addition, this study will optimize the mineral extraction method and sampling instrument design. The second study will develop a paper-based sensor to quantify zinc concentration in fortified corn flour and will validate its performance using samples from Tanzania’s small-scale mill fortification programs to determine its applicability as a means of monitoring and evaluating. The third study will design and optimize a convolutional neural network architecture as the backbone of the computer vision-based analyzer that predicts iron and zinc concentration using digital images from the paper-based sensor. In collaboration with SANKU Project Healthy Children, a non-governmental organization supporting flour fortification in Tanzania, this dissertation ultimately serves as a bottom-up solution to the monitoring and evaluation limitations of low-resource fortification programs."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://hdl.handle.net/2142/121201"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2023 Marco Eduardo Toc Sagra"],"dc:subject":["Paper-based Sensor","Computer Vision","Quality Control"],"dc:title":["Development and validation of a paper-based sensor and convolutional neural networks integrated in a single-board computer for the quantification of sodium iron-EDTA and zinc oxide in fortified corn flours"],"dc:type":["text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Food Science & Human Nutrition"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:57Z"}